Equine Vitals, Vocabulary, Behavior

Question 1

What is a baby horse called?

Answer 1

Foal

Question 2

What is a horse called under 3 years old?

Answer 2

Filly (girl)
Colt (boy)

Question 3

What is a horse over 3 years old called?

Answer 3

Mare (girl)
Gelding (boy)

Question 4

What is a castrated horse?
An intact horse?
An intact female horse?

Answer 4

Gelding
Stallion
Mare

Question 5

What is a normal temperature for a horse?

Answer 5

99-101.5

Question 6

What is a normal heart rate and respiratory rate for a horse?

Answer 6

HR: 28-44
RR: 8-16

Question 7

What is average gestation length for a horse?

Answer 7

333-342 days

Question 8

What is the dental formula for a horse?

Answer 8

3 molars, 3 premolars, 3 incisors, +/- 1 canine, +/- wolf tooth - per quadrant

Question 9

When aging a horse, what details are examined on their teeth?

Answer 9

Incisor eruption
Shape of inciors
Galvayne’s groove

Question 10

What diseases are vaccinated against in horses?

Answer 10

Potomac Horse Fever
Rabies
Eastern/Wester/Venezuela Equine Encephalitis
West Nile Virus
Tetanus
Botulism
Equine Influenza
EHV-1 and EHV-4
Strep (Strangles)

Question 11

What equine diseases are zoonotic?

Answer 11

Rabies
Eastern, Western, Venezuela Equine Encephalitis
West Nile Virus

Question 12

What is cribbing?

Answer 12

When a horse grabs an object with front teeth and sucks in air

Question 13

Define hypsodont.

Answer 13

Continually erupting

Question 14

What is quidding?

Answer 14

Making hay or grass balls in mouth

Question 15

Define “twitch.”

Answer 15

Grabbing upper lip to release endorphins

Question 16

Define “float”.

Answer 16

To grind down points on teeth

Question 17

What is a wave mouth?

Answer 17

Teeth are not level and form a “wave”

Question 18

What is a parrot mouth? What is a monkey mouth?

Answer 18

Parrot mouth: Overbite
Monkey mouth: Underbite

Question 19

What is lunging?

Answer 19

The horse runs in circles around you

Question 20

Describe clinical signs of dental disease in horses.

Answer 20

Quidding
Choking
Dropping feed
Abnormal chewing
Chewing with head tilted
Halitosis
Ptyalism
Colic
Irritability
Misbehavior
Facial swelling

Question 21

Where do sharp edges develop in the horse mouth?

Answer 21

Lingual surface of the mandible
Buccal surface of the maxilla

Question 22

What is involved in a lameness exam?

Answer 22

Jogging to figure out which leg and where lameness is originating.
Can involve nerve blocks, ultrasounds, radiographs, flexing, jogging, lunging.

Question 23

What are regional nerve blocks?

Answer 23

Blocks start at the distal part of the foot to block the lower portion, then proceed proximally to isolate the lameness.

Question 24

What is laminitis?

Answer 24

Inflammation of the laminae of the foot

Question 25

What can cause laminitis?

Answer 25

Endotoxemia Stress Fever Insulin resistance Obesity Cushings

Question 26

What is the difference between acute and chronic laminitis?

Answer 26

Acute laminitis can occur from a fever, while insulin resistance might lead to a chronic case.

Question 27

What radiographic changes would be seen with laminitis?

Answer 27

Rotation of the P3 (coffin bone)

Question 28

What are the treatments for laminitis?

Answer 28

Reduce inflammation, changes in shoe Icing NSAIDs Stall comfort

Question 29

What is colic?

Answer 29

Abdominal pain Small intestine or large intestines can be involved

Question 30

What are the clinical signs of colic?

Answer 30

Pawing Laying down Grunting Sweating Panicking

Question 31

What steps are taken during a colic workup?

Answer 31

Physical exam Pay attention to GI sounds and heart rate Rectal exam Tubing Ultrasound the abdomen Hypo/hyper motile guts can be seen on physical High HR/RR, sweating, pale MM, prolonged CRT, toxic line

Question 32

What types of diagnostics are completed for colic?

Answer 32

Tubing Rectal exam Belly tap Ultrasound

Question 33

What is the difference between a surgical colic and a medical colic?

Answer 33

Medical colic can be fixed using fluids, medications, phenylephrine. Surgical colic needs surgical repair.