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Vet 212: Large Animal Disease > Equine Vitals, Vocabulary, Behavior > Flashcards

Equine Vitals, Vocabulary, Behavior Flashcards

1
Q

What is a baby horse called?

A

Foal

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2
Q

What is a horse called under 3 years old?

A

Filly (girl)
Colt (boy)

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3
Q

What is a horse over 3 years old called?

A

Mare (girl)
Gelding (boy)

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4
Q

What is a castrated horse?
An intact horse?
An intact female horse?

A

Gelding
Stallion
Mare

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5
Q

What is a normal temperature for a horse?

A

99-101.5

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6
Q

What is a normal heart rate and respiratory rate for a horse?

A

HR: 28-44
RR: 8-16

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7
Q

What is average gestation length for a horse?

A

333-342 days

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8
Q

What is the dental formula for a horse?

A

3 molars, 3 premolars, 3 incisors, +/- 1 canine, +/- wolf tooth - per quadrant

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9
Q

When aging a horse, what details are examined on their teeth?

A

Incisor eruption
Shape of inciors
Galvayne’s groove

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10
Q

What diseases are vaccinated against in horses?

A

Potomac Horse Fever
Rabies
Eastern/Wester/Venezuela Equine Encephalitis
West Nile Virus
Tetanus
Botulism
Equine Influenza
EHV-1 and EHV-4
Strep (Strangles)

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11
Q

What equine diseases are zoonotic?

A

Rabies
Eastern, Western, Venezuela Equine Encephalitis
West Nile Virus

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12
Q

What is cribbing?

A

When a horse grabs an object with front teeth and sucks in air

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13
Q

Define hypsodont.

A

Continually erupting

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14
Q

What is quidding?

A

Making hay or grass balls in mouth

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15
Q

Define “twitch.”

A

Grabbing upper lip to release endorphins

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16
Q

Define “float”.

A

To grind down points on teeth

17
Q

What is a wave mouth?

A

Teeth are not level and form a “wave”

18
Q

What is a parrot mouth? What is a monkey mouth?

A

Parrot mouth: Overbite
Monkey mouth: Underbite

19
Q

What is lunging?

A

The horse runs in circles around you

20
Q

Describe clinical signs of dental disease in horses.

A

Quidding
Choking
Dropping feed
Abnormal chewing
Chewing with head tilted
Halitosis
Ptyalism
Colic
Irritability
Misbehavior
Facial swelling

21
Q

Where do sharp edges develop in the horse mouth?

A

Lingual surface of the mandible
Buccal surface of the maxilla

22
Q

What is involved in a lameness exam?

A

Jogging to figure out which leg and where lameness is originating.
Can involve nerve blocks, ultrasounds, radiographs, flexing, jogging, lunging.

23
Q

What are regional nerve blocks?

A

Blocks start at the distal part of the foot to block the lower portion, then proceed proximally to isolate the lameness.

24
Q

What is laminitis?

A

Inflammation of the laminae of the foot

25
Q

What can cause laminitis?

A

Endotoxemia
Stress
Fever
Insulin resistance
Obesity
Cushings

26
Q

What is the difference between acute and chronic laminitis?

A

Acute laminitis can occur from a fever, while insulin resistance might lead to a chronic case.

27
Q

What radiographic changes would be seen with laminitis?

A

Rotation of the P3 (coffin bone)

28
Q

What are the treatments for laminitis?

A

Reduce inflammation, changes in shoe
Icing
NSAIDs
Stall comfort

29
Q

What is colic?

A

Abdominal pain
Small intestine or large intestines can be involved

30
Q

What are the clinical signs of colic?

A

Pawing
Laying down
Grunting
Sweating
Panicking

31
Q

What steps are taken during a colic workup?

A

Physical exam
Pay attention to GI sounds and heart rate
Rectal exam
Tubing
Ultrasound the abdomen
Hypo/hyper motile guts can be seen on physical
High HR/RR, sweating, pale MM, prolonged CRT, toxic line

32
Q

What types of diagnostics are completed for colic?

A

Tubing
Rectal exam
Belly tap
Ultrasound

33
Q

What is the difference between a surgical colic and a medical colic?

A

Medical colic can be fixed using fluids, medications, phenylephrine.
Surgical colic needs surgical repair.

Vet 212: Large Animal Disease (6 decks)

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