GN 2.5.3 Flashcards
What is the process of PGD?
1-2 cells of the blastomeres are removed and sent to a lab for testing. They are looking for sex-linked disorders, single gene defects, and chromosomal disorders.
What is preimplantation genetic diagnosis?
PGD tests early stage embryos through IVF for genetic disorders. Once cells is extracted from the eight cell stage and analyzed.
What is the current Cancer Stem Cell hypothesis?
Tumors are composed of cells that initiate tumors and cells that arise from CSCs. CSCs can be identified. The cancer stem cells can have different sensitivities to radiation or chemotherapy.
What is the cancer stem cell model?
Distinct classes of cells exist within a tumor. Only a small definable subset, can initiate tumor growth.
What are some properties shared by normal and cancer stem cells?
Self renewal, differentiation into phenotypically diverse mature cell types, and are regulated by similar pathways
What is important about the epigenetic characteristics of totipotent stem cells?
There is global DNA demethylation
What are iPS cells?
Somatic cells that have been induced pluripotent stem cells
What is the stochastic model for tumor growth?
All cell have equal but low probability of extensive proliferation. Only cells with self renewal capability can sustain tumor growth
What is important about the epigenetic characteristics of multipotent stem cells?
Repression of lineage specific genes and promoter hypermethylation
What are some of the oncogenic risk factors resulting from induced pluripotency?
Integration of gene delivery
Chromosomal damage during reprocessing
Clonal selection for oncogenic or transformed colonies
Incomplete programming
DNA damage accumulated during cell culture
What is important about the epigenetic characteristics of pluripotent stem cells?
Global repression of differentiation and promoter hypomethylation
