Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Biochemistry MBS > Glycosylation > Flashcards

Glycosylation Flashcards

1
Q

hexose example

A

glucose

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

pentose exmaple

A

ribose

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

aldehyde example

A

glucose

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

ketone example

A

ribose

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

three sugars that are stereoisomers of the same structure

A

glucose, galactose and mannose

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

glycosidic linkage

  • formed by what carbon
  • requirement for reaction to take place
A
  • formed by the anomeric carbon

- this anomeric carbon must be activated with UDP prior to the linkage being formed

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

alpha maltose

A

two glucose moleculse

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

alpha lactose

A

galactose and glucose

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

sucrose

A

fructose and glucose

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

amylopectin vs amylose

A

amylose is a straight chain polysaccharide whereas amylopectin is a branched polysaccharide

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

glucose vs glycogen

A
  • glucose is a single saccharide
  • glycogen is a branched polysaccharide with alpha 1,4 linkages between the straight chain monomers and alpha 1,6 linkages at the branch points
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

chondroitin

A
  • GAG

- bone, cartilage, cornea formation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

keratin sulfate

A
  • GAG

- cornea connective tissue

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

dermatan sulfate

A
  • GAG

- binds LDL to plasma walls

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

heparan sulfate

A
  • GAG

- aortic wall, basement membrane

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

heparin

A
  • GAG

- anticoagulant

17
Q

hyaluronic acid

A
  • GAG
  • cell migration, lubricant
  • not covalently attached to a protein
18
Q

GAG general structure

A
  • long linear polysaccharides
  • repeating disaccharide units
  • considerable negative charge (including sulfate)
19
Q

glycolipids
-example
-

A
  • gangliosides

- come from sugar modifications of lipids

20
Q

glycation

-HbA1c

A
  • non-enzymatic glycosylation of proteins
  • formation of HbA1c
  • simple chemical reaction of sugar and protein side chains
21
Q

enzymatic glycosylation (conjugation)

  • added to
  • requirement
  • specificity
A
  • occurs to add sugars to other sugars, proteins, or lipids
  • requires prior activation of sugar which is accomplished by formation of sugar nucleotides
  • enzymes are specific for each different sugar being added as well as the accepting sugar molecule
22
Q

where is the sugar of glycoproteins located

A

-except for O-GlcNac, they are located either in the lumen of the ER, the extracellular side of the plasma membrane , or secreted

23
Q

O-linked glycoprotein

A
  • largely built on Ser/Thr residues

- built one sugar at a time

24
Q

N-linked glycoprotein

A
  • built on Asp
  • initially added to the protein in a 14 sugar block
  • constructed on a dilochol phosphate lipid
  • initial transfer to N is usually cotranslational in the ER
25
Q

similaritry between construction of N and O linked glycoproteins

A

-they are both processed as the glycoprotein traffics from the Er through the golgi

26
Q

glycoprotein and polysaccharide breakdown

A
  • occurs in the lysosome with the help of many different types of enzymes
  • when these enzymes fail you can get lysosomal storage diseases (mucopolysaccharidoses)
27
Q

pompe disease

A

single lysosomal enzyme disease defect

28
Q

proteoglycans

A
  • made of over 90% sugar
  • important structural components
  • part of the matrix that makes up tissue structure
  • found in cartilage, dentin or predentin
  • hydrated so they can provid cushion
  • charged so they can bind substances like growth factors and chemokines.cytokines
29
Q

biological recognition

A
  • often involves glycosylation
  • protein recognition of carbohydrate structures usually involves a lectin domain
  • deficiency disease 2)
30
Q

examples of uses of carbs in major bodily functions

  • blood type
  • infection
  • cell contacts
A

carbohydrate structures underlie the differences in ABO blood type groups, contribute to the ability of viruses (flu) or bacteria (H. pylori) to infect, and mediate cell-cell contacts (leukocyte adhesion

31
Q

chaperon mediated protein folding

A

-facilitated by carbohydrate binding in the ER

32
Q

mannose-6-phosphate

A

-mediates tafficking of lysosomal enzymes

Biochemistry MBS (36 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions