Glycolysis (Unit 2) Flashcards
Glycolysis definition?
Series of reactions in which a glucose molecule is broken into two pyruvate molecules and energy is released
Why is glycolysis known as one of the most ancient metabolic pathways?
Found in prokaryotes and eukaryotes, doesn’t require oxygen, occurs in cytosol (doesn’t need sophisticated organelles).
What does glycolysis produce? (generally, each step)
10 sequential enzyme-catalyzed reactions leading to the oxidation of 6C sugar glucose, creating two 3C molecules called pyruvate.
Two phases of glycolysis?
- Initial energy investment phase
- Energy payoff phase.
How many/is ATP are consumed and what is the product?
2 ATP consumed as glucose and fructose-6-phosphate become phosphorylated.
Outcome of the energy investment phase?
2 ATP increase the free energy of chemicals in the glycolytic pathway.
Outcome of the energy payoff phase?
More free energy released during the payoff phase since 2 NADH and 4 ATP are synthesized (two ATP used)
Carbon consumption?
No carbon lost when glucose is oxidized.
How many carbons are converted into how many pyruvate?
6C glucose turns into two 3C pyruvate molecules.
Energy potential difference between pyruvate and glucose?
Since it’s oxidized, the potential energy of each pyruvate is less than glucose.
How is water used?
Water created is used for the hydrolysis of 2 ATP molecules to create 2 ADP/Pi.
How is ATP produced?
ATP produced during substrate-level phosphorylation
How is energy used?
Some energy is lost as thermal energy, but most is stored as two pyruvate/NADH
How is substrate level phosphorylation used?
Enzyme transfers a phosphate group from a high-energy substrate molecule to ADP to create ATP. This process is also used in the citric acid cycle
Where does glycolysis take place?
In the cytoplasm
