Functional Groups (Unit 1)

Question 1

What is a functional group and what does it do?

Answer 1

Special parts of a molecule, groups of atoms that affects functioning of a molecule

Question 2

What is a hydroxyl group?

Answer 2

Alcohol, O-H

Question 3

What is a carbonyl group?

Answer 3

Aldehyde (carbon is the first/last carbon on the molecule), C=O (double bonded)

Ketone (carbon is in the middle of a molecule), C=O (double bonded

Question 4

What is a carboxyl group?

Answer 4

Organic acids, COOH

Question 5

What is an amino group?

Answer 5

Amino acid, NH2

Question 6

What is a phosphate group?

Answer 6

Nucleotide, nucleic acid etc, PO4 ^-2

Question 7

What is a sulfhydryl group?

Answer 7

Cellular molecules, SH

Question 8

What does a hydroxyl group do?

Answer 8

Gives molecule molar characteristics

Question 9

What does a carboxyl group do?

Answer 9

Releases a proton becoming COO ^-. Releasing the H+ makes it an acid

Question 10

What does an amino group do?

Answer 10

Attracts and bonds to an H+ to become NH3 making it a weak base

Question 11

What does a phosphate group do?

Answer 11

Acidic, losing their H+ ions to become negatively charged (ex. used in DNA on its backbone making it negative)