Glycolysis

Question 1

phase 1 overview

Answer 1

entry of glucose through phosphorylation of glucose
ATP is consumed

Question 2

phase 2 overview

Answer 2

metabolic energy to net 2 ATP

Question 3

2 high energy phosphate intermediates

Answer 3

1,3 BPG
phophoenolpyruvate

Question 4

reaction one: type

Answer 4

phosphorylation, transferase

Question 5

reaction one: enzyme

Answer 5

hexokinase

Question 6

reaction one: reaction

Answer 6

glucose to glucose 6-phosphate

Question 7

reaction one: delta G

Answer 7

large and negative
priming rxn

Question 8

reaction one: cofactor

Answer 8

Mg2+ is required

Question 9

reaction two: type

Answer 9

isomerase

Question 10

reaction two: enzyme

Answer 10

phosphohexose isomerase

Question 11

reaction two: reaction

Answer 11

glucose 6-phosphate to fructose 6-phosphate

Question 12

reaction two: binding

Answer 12

prefers a-anomer

Question 13

reaction two: intermediate

Answer 13

ene-diol

Question 14

reaction two: purpose

Answer 14

activates molecule for C3-C4 cleavage
next step (C1) phosphorylation is easier on a primary
-OH than a hemiacetal -OH

Question 15

reaction three: type

Answer 15

phosphorylation/transferase

Question 16

reaction three: enzyme

Answer 16

phosphofructokinase

Question 17

reaction three: reaction

Answer 17

fructose 6-phosphate to fructose 1,6-biphosphate

Question 18

reaction three: delta g

Answer 18

large and negative
priming rxn

Question 19

reaction three: regulation, inhibitors, activators

Answer 19

• regulation needed b/c gal and G1P can enter glycolysis from conversion to F6P
• citrate = inhibitor
• F2,6P = activator

Question 20

reaction four: type

Answer 20

aldol condensation

Question 21

reaction four: enzyme

Answer 21

aldolase

Question 22

reaction four: reaction

Answer 22

fructose 1,6 biphosphate to dihydroxyacetone phosphate and glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate

Question 23

reaction five: type

Answer 23

isomerization

Question 24

reaction five: enzyme

Answer 24

triosephosphate isomerase
- near perfect

Question 25

reaction five: reaction

Answer 25

dihydroxyacetone phosphate to glyceraldeyde 3-phosphate

Question 26

reaction five: mechanism

Answer 26

ene-diol

Question 27

reaction six: type

Answer 27

dehydration

Question 28

reaction six: enzyme

Answer 28

GAP dehydrogenase

Question 29

reaction six: reaction

Answer 29

GAP to 1,3 biphosphoglycerate

Question 30

reaction six: type of catalysis

Answer 30

covalent

Question 31

NAD+ is

Answer 31

reduced

Question 32

NADH is

Answer 32

oxidized

Question 33

reaction seven: type

Answer 33

substrate-level phosphorylation

Question 34

reaction seven: enzyme

Answer 34

phosphoglycerate kinase

Question 35

reaction seven: reaction

Answer 35

1,3 BPG to 3-phosphoglycerate

Question 36

reaction seven: ATP synthesis

Answer 36

from high-energy phosphate

Question 37

reaction eight: type

Answer 37

transferase (of phosphoryl group) - c3 to c4

Question 38

reaction eight: enzyme

Answer 38

phosphoglycerate mutase

Question 39

reaction eight: reaction

Answer 39

3-PG to 2-PG

Question 40

reaction eight: purpose

Answer 40

repositions phosphate for PEP

Question 41

reaction nine: type

Answer 41

lyase

Question 42

reaction nine: enzyme

Answer 42

enolase

Question 43

reaction nine: reaction

Answer 43

2-PG to phosphoenolpyruvate (PEP)

Question 44

reaction nine: purpose

Answer 44

enolase rearranges to more energy can be released in hydrolysis

Question 45

reaction ten: type

Answer 45

substrate-level phosphorylation/transferase

Question 46

reaction ten: enzyme

Answer 46

pyruvate kinase

Question 47

reaction ten: reaction

Answer 47

PEP to pyruvate

Question 48

reaction ten: delta G

Answer 48

large, negative priming rxn

Question 49

reaction ten: payoff

Answer 49

net of 2 ATP

Question 50

reaction 10: inhibition and activation

Answer 50

inhibition: ATP, acetyl CoA, ala activation: FBP, AMP