Glycolysis Flashcards
phase 1 overview
entry of glucose through phosphorylation of glucose
ATP is consumed
phase 2 overview
metabolic energy to net 2 ATP
2 high energy phosphate intermediates
1,3 BPG
phophoenolpyruvate
reaction one: type
phosphorylation, transferase
reaction one: enzyme
hexokinase
reaction one: reaction
glucose to glucose 6-phosphate
reaction one: delta G
large and negative
priming rxn
reaction one: cofactor
Mg2+ is required
reaction two: type
isomerase
reaction two: enzyme
phosphohexose isomerase
reaction two: reaction
glucose 6-phosphate to fructose 6-phosphate
reaction two: binding
prefers a-anomer
reaction two: intermediate
ene-diol
reaction two: purpose
activates molecule for C3-C4 cleavage
next step (C1) phosphorylation is easier on a primary
-OH than a hemiacetal -OH
reaction three: type
phosphorylation/transferase
reaction three: enzyme
phosphofructokinase
reaction three: reaction
fructose 6-phosphate to fructose 1,6-biphosphate
reaction three: delta g
large and negative
priming rxn
reaction three: regulation, inhibitors, activators
- regulation needed b/c gal and G1P can enter glycolysis from conversion to F6P
- citrate = inhibitor
- F2,6P = activator
reaction four: type
aldol condensation
reaction four: enzyme
aldolase
reaction four: reaction
fructose 1,6 biphosphate to dihydroxyacetone phosphate and glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate
reaction five: type
isomerization
reaction five: enzyme
triosephosphate isomerase
- near perfect
reaction five: reaction
dihydroxyacetone phosphate to glyceraldeyde 3-phosphate
reaction five: mechanism
ene-diol
reaction six: type
dehydration
reaction six: enzyme
GAP dehydrogenase
reaction six: reaction
GAP to 1,3 biphosphoglycerate
reaction six: type of catalysis
covalent
NAD+ is
reduced
NADH is
oxidized
reaction seven: type
substrate-level phosphorylation
reaction seven: enzyme
phosphoglycerate kinase
reaction seven: reaction
1,3 BPG to 3-phosphoglycerate
reaction seven: ATP synthesis
from high-energy phosphate
reaction eight: type
transferase (of phosphoryl group)
- c3 to c4
reaction eight: enzyme
phosphoglycerate mutase
reaction eight: reaction
3-PG to 2-PG
reaction eight: purpose
repositions phosphate for PEP
reaction nine: type
lyase
reaction nine: enzyme
enolase
reaction nine: reaction
2-PG to phosphoenolpyruvate (PEP)
reaction nine: purpose
enolase rearranges to more energy can be released in hydrolysis
reaction ten: type
substrate-level phosphorylation/transferase
reaction ten: enzyme
pyruvate kinase
reaction ten: reaction
PEP to pyruvate
reaction ten: delta G
large, negative
priming rxn
reaction ten: payoff
net of 2 ATP
reaction 10: inhibition and activation
inhibition: ATP, acetyl CoA, ala
activation: FBP, AMP