Enzymes Flashcards
1
Q
enzymes: structure and function
A
- proteins that catalyze rxns
- most are globular
2
Q
enzymology
A
- first enzyme discovered: diastase
first enzyme isolated: urease
3
Q
general properties of enzymes: rates
A
- accelerate rxn rates
- accomplish rate accelerations at mild conditions
- pH 7, 37 C°
4
Q
general properties of enzymes: capacity for regulation
A
- allosteric control
- covalent modification
- enzyme synthesis
5
Q
general properties of enzymes: rxn specificity
A
selectively recognize proper substrates
6
Q
absolute specificity
A
only catalyze one rxn
7
Q
relative specificity
A
catalyze one type of rxn
8
Q
stereochemical specificity
A
catalyze certain isomers
9
Q
general properties of enzymes: classifications
A
according to rxn types
10
Q
oxidoreductase
A
transfer of hydride or H
11
Q
transferase
A
group transfer
12
Q
hydrolase
A
hydrolysis (functional groups –> water)
13
Q
lyase
A
cleavage of C-C, C-O, C-N, leaving double bonds or rings
14
Q
isomerase
A
group transfer to yield isomeric forms
15
Q
ligase
A
form C-C, C-S, C-O, C-N by condensation, coupled to cleavage with ATP
