GLYCOGEN METABOLISM Flashcards

1
Q

characteristics of G6P

A

Breaks down into pyruvate via glycolysis then breaks down into lactate or co2 + h2o
breaks down into g6p to go into the blood to be used by other tissues
breaks down into ribose + NADPH via the pentose phosphate pathway

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2
Q

enzymes that glycogen breakdown to

A

glycogen phosphorylase
glucosyl-4,4-transferase
alpha-1,6-glucosidase

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3
Q

regulating hormones of glycogen breakdown

A

insulin, glucagon, and epinephrine

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4
Q

degrades glycogen chains at their non-reducing end until 4 glucosyl units remain on each chain before the branch points

A

exoglycosidase

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5
Q

active form of phosphorylase, serine is phosphorylated by phosphorylase kinase in both subunits

A

phosphorylase A

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6
Q

inactive form, all enzymes are in the inactive state, serine is not phosphorylated, active when AMP is high and inactive when ATP and G6P are high, active only when energy is low in the muscle

A

Phosphorylase B

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7
Q

AMP independent

A

phosphorylase A

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8
Q

AMP dependent

A

Phosphorylase B

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9
Q

hormone that regulates liver glycogen

A

glucagon

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10
Q

what is liver phosphorylase allosterically regulated by?

A

glucose

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11
Q

catalyzes phosphorylation of glycogen synthase and inactivates it. also activates the glycogen phosphorylase

A

phosphorylase kinase

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12
Q

activators of protein kinase A

A

glucagon and epinepherine

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13
Q

initiates glycogenesis

A

glycogenin

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14
Q

catalyzes the formation of the glycosidic bond between c-1 of sugar and c-4 of accepting glucosyl residue

A

glycogen synthase

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15
Q

a glucose sensor, high blood glucose stops its own generation from glycogen breakdown, activated by PKA

A

glycogen phosphorylase

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16
Q

activates PKA

A

epinephrine

17
Q

activates phosphatase 1,

A

insulin

18
Q

glucose enters into the cell via what

A

GLUT 2

19
Q

debranching enzyme deficiency-swollen abdomen, low blood sugar, high fat levels in blood and delayed growth

A

Cori

20
Q

G6P deficiency, glucose going to the blood is inhibited, enlarged liver due to glycogen accumulation, can be treated with allopurinol

A

von gierke

21
Q

a-1,4-glucosidase deficiency, glycogen accumulation in lysosomes leading to heart attacks from the disruptions in the myocardium

A

Pompe

22
Q

branching enzyme dificiency, a-1,4 & 1,6-transflucosidase is missing, long chains build up causing cirrhosis and death

A

anderson

23
Q

inability of muscle to use glycogen to regenerate ATP anaerobically, severe cramps and fatigue

A

mcardle