Glutes And Posterior Thigh Flashcards
What are the 4 superficial muscles of the gluteal region, and what is the innervation of each?
Gluteus maximus - inferior gluteal nerve.
Gluteus medius - superior gluteal nerve.
Gluteus minimus - superior gluteal nerve.
Tensor fascia lata - superior gluteal nerve.
What are the 4 deep muscles of the gluteal region and the innervation of each?
Piriformis - nerve to piriformis.
Obturator internus - nerve to obturator internus.
Superior gemellus - nerve to obturator internus.
Inferior gemellus - nerve to quadrator fermoris.
Quadrator femoris - nerve to quadrator fermoris.
What muscle is sometimes considered part of the medial compartment of the thigh and sometimes the gluteal region? What is it innervated by?
Obturator externus - obturator nerve.
What is the iliotibial tract? What are its 3 main functions?
Longitudinal thickening of the fascia lata.
Movement - extensor, abductor, lateral rotator of hip, lateral stabilisation to knee joint.
Compartmentalisation - deepest part extends laterally for form the lateral intermuscular septum.
Muscular sheath - forms a sheath for the tensor fascia lata muscle.
What muscle does the superior to inferior gluteal nerve and artery, and sciatic nerve pass under?
Piriformis
What nerve roots form the sacral plexus?
L4-S4
What are the 5 major branches of the sacral plexus in order?
Superior gluteal. Inferior gluteal. Sciatic. Posterior cutaneous nerve of thigh. Pudendal.
What causes piriformis syndrome/sciatica?
Compression of the sciatic nerve by overuse of piriformis.
What roots of the sacral plexus contribute to the superior gluteal nerve?
L4, L5, S1.
What roots of the sacral plexus contribute to the inferior gluteal nerve?
L5, S1, S2.
What is Trendelenbug’s sign? What causes it?
Pelvis drop on unsupported side when standing on one leg.
Problem is on supported side - weak or mechanically disadvantage gluteus medius or minimus.
What is the safe area for intramuscular injection into the buttock?
Upper outer quadrant of the buttock.
Ventrogluteal region - to locate the ventrogluteal region, place the palm of one hand over the greater trochanter of the femur, point your thumb towards the inguinal region and your index finger toward the anterior superior iliac crest. Spread the index and middle fingers to make a V and inject between the PIPJ of your fingers into the gluteus medius muscle.
Why is intramuscular injection into the buttock performed in the safe area?
Avoid injuring the sciatic nerve.
What are the 3 hamstring muscles of the thigh? What are they innervated by?
Biceps femoris - long head tibial part of sciatic nerve, short head common fibular part of sciatic nerve.
Semitendinosus - tibial part of sciatic nerve.
Semimembranosus - tibial part of sciatic nerve.
What is the iliotibial tract?
Longitudinal thickening of the fascia lata, which is strengthened posteriorly by fibres from the gluteus maximus. Is not the tensor fascia lata.
