Anteromedial Thigh And Femoral Triangle

Question 1

What happens in femoral hernia development? When does it become noticeable?

Answer 1

Out-poaching of gastric viscera protrudes through the femoral canal.
Becomes noticeable when it exits through the saphenous opening within the fascia lata (swelling inferior to inguinal ligament).

Question 2

What 7 muscles make up the anterior compartment of the thigh (hip flexors & quadraceps) and what are they innervated by?

Answer 2

Pectineus - femoral nerve.
Iliopsoas muscles - iliacus - femoral nerve. Psoas major - anterior rami of L1-3.
Sartorius - femoral nerve.
Quadriceps Femoris:
Vastus lateralis - femoral nerve.
Vastus intermedius - femoral nerve.
Vastus medialis - femoral nerve.
Rectum femoris - femoral nerve.

Question 3

What 5 muscles make up the medial compartment of the thigh (thigh abductors) and what are they innervated by?

Answer 3

Adductor longus - obturator nerve.
Adductor brevis - obturator nerve.
Adductor magnus - adductor part - obturator nerve. Hamstring part - tibial nerve.
Gracilis - obturator nerve.
Obturator externus - obturator nerve.

Question 4

What are the boarders of the femoral triangle?

Answer 4

Superior - inguinal ligament.
Medial - adductor longus.
Lateral - sartorius.
Roof - fascia lata.
Base - pectineus, iliopsoas, adductor longus.

Question 5

What are the contents of the femoral triangle from lateral to medial? What is each responsible for?

Answer 5

Femoral nerve - innervates anterior thigh compartment & sensory branches to leg and foot.
Femoral artery - majority of arterial supply to lower limb.
Femoral vein - great saphenous vein drains into the femoral vein in the femoral triangle.
Femoral canal - contains deep lymph nodes and vessels. Acts as dead s pace to allow distension of the femoral vein to accommodate venous return from limb.

Question 6

What structures does the femoral sheath surround in the femoral triangle?

Answer 6

Femoral artery, vein, canal, and associated lymph nodes.

Question 7

What part of the femorla triange is a week point for hernias?

Answer 7

Femoral canal

Question 8

Where can you palpate the femoral artery anatomically?

Answer 8

Midway between the pubic symphysis and anterior superior iliac spine

Question 9

The femoral artery is a continuation of the external iliac artery. In the leg, artery arises from the femoral artery and then what 3 main branches does this give off? What do they supply?

Answer 9

Profunda femoris artery arises from posterolateral aspect to femoral artery in the femoral triangle.
Travels posteriorly and distally giving off:
Perforating branches - supply medial and posterior thigh muscles.
Lateral femoral circumflex artery - supplies some lateral thigh muscles.
Medial femoral circumflex artery - supplies head and neck of femur.

Question 10

What artery can be damaged with a fractured neck of the femur?

Answer 10

Medial femoral circumflex artery

Question 11

What vein can be surgically harvested and used as a vessel in coronary artery bypass?

Answer 11

Great saphenous vein

Question 12

Where can the great saphenous vein always be found anatomically?

Answer 12

Anterior to the medial malleoulus.

Question 13

What nerve roots supply the femoral nerve and what does sensory supply does it have?

Answer 13

L2-L4.

Anteromedial thigh, medial leg and foot.

Question 14

What nerve roots supply the obturator nerve and what sensory supply does it have?

Answer 14

L2-L4.

Skin on the medial thigh.

Question 15

What is pes anserine?

Answer 15

The conjoined tendons of 3 muscles (semitendinosus tendon, gracilis tendon, sartorius tendon) that insert into the anteromedial tibia.