Gluteal Region and Posterior Thigh

Question 1

Insertion and origin of the Gluteus maximus?

Answer 1

Origin: ilium, sacrum, coccyx
insertion: ITB, gluteal tuberosity of femur

Question 2

Insertion and origin of gluteus minimus and maximus?

Answer 2

Origin: Ilium
Insertion: Great trochanter

Question 3

Action of Gluteus minimus/maximus?

Answer 3

Abducts and internally rotates thigh

Question 4

Action of gluteus maximus?

Answer 4

The extend and laterally rotate the thigh

Question 5

Clinical significance of piriformis

Answer 5

Marks the top of the sciatic nerve. superior to the two gemellus muscles and obturator internus.

Question 6

What brings gemellus superior, obturator internus and gemellus inferior together?

Answer 6

A common tendon that inserts onto the greater trochanter of the femur.

Question 7

What is the common action of piriformis, obturator internus and the gemellus muscles.

Answer 7

External rotation of the thigh

Question 8

Superficial Gluteal muscles and their nerve supply

Answer 8

Gluteus maximus (inferior gluteal nerve)
Gluteus maximus and minimus (superior gluteal neve)

Question 9

Deep Gluteal muscles and their action

Answer 9

Piriformis
gemellus sup & inf
obturator internus

Short external rotaters

Question 10

The posterior thigh muscles are?

Answer 10

Biceps femoris
semimembranosis
semitendonosis
adductor magnus (hamstring part)

Question 11

A common origin of hamstring muscles is?

Answer 11

Ischial tuberosity

Question 12

Where does the short head of the biceps femoris originate from?

Answer 12

Linea aspera

Question 13

What is the insertion of biceps femoris?

Answer 13

Head of fibula

Question 14

What is the insertion of seitendonosis?

Answer 14

pes anserinus

Question 15

what is the insertion of semimembranosis?

Answer 15

medial condyl of tibia

Question 16

What is the arterial supply of the gluteal region

Answer 16

Aorta - commoniliac - internal iliac - superior & inferior gluteal arteries.

Question 17

What is the journey of the superior and inferior gluteal arteries?

Answer 17

From the internal iliac artery they travel laterally, leave the pelvis via the greater sciatic foramen, and travel superior and inferior to piriformus

Question 18

What is artery of the sciatic nerve?

Answer 18

‘the artery to the sciatic nerve’’, which branches off the inferior gluteal artery.

Question 19

Where is it safe to perform intra-gluteal injections?

Answer 19

The lateral side, avoiding the sciatic nerve

Question 20

What is an avulsion fracture?

Answer 20

a bit of bone ripped off with tendon, still attached to tendon.

Question 21

What is piriformis syndrome?

Answer 21

When the sciatic nerve is compressed by the piriformis muscles. Pain tingling and numbness along buttocks and posterior thigh will be felt.

Question 22

What is the origin and insertion of the sacrospinous ligament?

Answer 22

Origin: Sacrum
Insertion: ischial Spine

Question 23

What is the origin and insertion of the sacrotuberous ligament?

Answer 23

Origin: sacrum
Insertion: ischial tuberosity

Question 24

What passes through the Greater Sciatic Foramen?

Answer 24

Nerves and arteries pass outwards to the lower limb

Question 25

What passes through the lesser sciatic foramen?

Answer 25

Nerves and arteries pass back inward to the axial region

Question 26

What forms the acetabulum?

Answer 26

Fusion of the three bones, ilium, ischium and pubis

Question 27

What is different about the acetabulum in childhood/uterine?

Answer 27

The three bones haven’t yet ossified, the are still cartilagenous. This cartilage is called Triradient cartilage