Gluteal Muscles

Question 1

The “short rotators” of the hip are in what layer of gluteal muscles?

Answer 1

deep

Question 2

What are the 3 muscles of the superficial gluteal region?

Answer 2

1. gluteus maximus
2. gluteus medius
3. gluteus minimus

Question 3

Gluteus maximus:
origin -
insertion -

Answer 3

origin - dorsal sacrum and coccyx, ilium posterior to posterior gluteal line, sacrotuberous ligament

insertion - iliotibial band (ITB) via ITB to lateral condyl of tibia (Gerdy’s tubercle); gluteal tuberosity of femur

Question 4

Gluteus maximus:
innervation -
function -

Answer 4

innervation: inferior gluteal nerve

function:
1. strong extension of thigh (especially from flexion… standing up);
2. external rotation thigh

Question 5

Gluteus medius:
origin -
insertion -

Answer 5

O: between anterior & posterior gluteal lines

I: greater trochanter

Question 6

Gluteus medius:
innervation -
function -

Answer 6

innervation: superior gluteal n.

function:

1. ABducts thigh
2. internally rotates thigh
3. keeps pelvis level during ipsilateral stance

Question 7

Gluteus minimus:
origin -
insertion -

Answer 7

O: between anterior & inferior gluteal lines
I: greater trochanter

Question 8

Gluteus minimus:
innervation -
function -

Answer 8

innervation: superior gluteal n.

function

1. ABducts thigh
2. internally rotates thigh
3. keeps pelvis level during ipsilateral stance

Question 9

2 gluteal bursa

Answer 9

1. trochanteric bursa

2. ischial bursa

Question 10

Which type of gluteal bursa?

separates gluteus maximus from ischial tuberosity, common site of friction bursists

Answer 10

ischial bursa

Question 11

Which type of gluteal bursa?

separates gluteus maximus/ITB from greater trochanter; common site of friction bursitis

Answer 11

trochanteric bursa

Question 12

4 muscles in deep layer (“short rotator group”)

Answer 12

1. piriformis m.
2. obturator internus m.
3. superior gemilli m.
4. inferior gemilli m.

Question 13

Piriformis:
origin -
insertion -

Answer 13

O: inside pelvis, anterior sacrum, sacrotuberous ligament

I: superior aspect of greater trochanter

Question 14

Piriformis:
innervation -
function -

Answer 14

innervation: n. to piriformis

function:

1. externally rotates extended thigh
2. ABducts flexed thigh

Question 15

Obturator Internus:
origin -
insertion -

Answer 15

O: inside surface of obturator foramen

I: trochanteris fossa (medial aspect of greater trochanter)

Question 16

Obturator Internus:
innervation -
function -

Answer 16

innervation: n. to obturator internus

function :

1. externally rotates extended thigh
2. ABducts flexed thigh

Question 17

Superior Gemilli:
origin -
insertion -

Answer 17

O: ischial spine

I: trochanteric fossa

Question 18

Superior Gemilli:
innervation -
function -

Answer 18

innervation: n. to obturator internus

function: 1. externally rotates extended thigh
2. ABducts flexed thigh

Question 19

Inferior Gemilli:
origin -
insertion -

Answer 19

O: ischial tuberosity

I: trochanteric fossa

Question 20

Inferior Gemilli:
innervation -
function -

Answer 20

innervation: n. to Quadratus Femoris

function:

1. externally rotates extended thigh
2. ABducts flexed thigh

Question 21

Quadratus Femoris:
origin -
insertion -

Answer 21

O: ischial tuberosity

I: intertrochanteric crest

Question 22

Quadratus Femoris:
innervation -
function -

Answer 22

innervation: n. to Quadratus Femoris
function: exterally rotates thigh