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VCU Anatomy Test 2 > Foot > Flashcards

Foot Flashcards

1
Q

What surface of the skin on the foot is thin skin, with loose subcutaneous tissue?

A

dorsal surface

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2
Q

What surface of the skin on the foot is thick skin, with fibrous subcutaneous tissue & fat filled areas?

A

plantar surface

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3
Q

On the dorsal surface of the foot, fascia is thin. It is continuous with inferior extensor retinaculum proximally & plantar fascia posteriorly & laterally. What is medial?

A

flexor retinaculum

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4
Q

On the plantar surface of the foot, fascia is thick. The centralized region is what?

A

plantar aponeurosis (plantar fascia)

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5
Q

What gives off vertical septa that divides the sole of the foot into medial, central, & lateral compartments?

A

plantar aponeurosis (plantar fascia)

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6
Q

Layer 1 muscles

A
  1. abductor hallucis
  2. flexor digitorum brevis
  3. abductor digiti minimi
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7
Q

Abductor hallucis
Innerv:
Function:

A

Innerv: medial plantar n.

Function:

  1. ABducts great toe at MP joint
  2. flexes great toe at MP joint
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8
Q

Flexor digitorum brevis
Innerv:
Function:

A

Innerv: medial plantar n.

Function: flexes lateral 4 digits

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9
Q

ABductor digiti minimi
Innerv:
Function:

A

Innerv: lateral plantar n.

Function:

  1. ABducts 5th digit
  2. flexes 5th digit
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10
Q

Layer 2 muscles

A
  1. quadratus plantae

2. lumbricals (4)

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11
Q

Quadratus plantae
Innerv:
Function:

A

Innerv: lateral plantar n.

Function: assists FDL in flexion of lateral 4 digits (straightens out the pull of FDL tendon)

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12
Q

Lumbricals (4)

O:

A

O: tendons of FDL

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13
Q

Lumbricals (4)
Innerv:
Function:

A

Innerv:
medial: medial plantar n.
lateral three: lateral plantar n.

Function:

  1. flexes digits at MP joint
  2. extends digits at IP joint
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14
Q

Layer 3 muscles

A
  1. flexor hallucis brevis
  2. adductor hallucis
  3. flexor digiti minimi brevis
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15
Q

Flexor hallucis brevis:
Innerv:
Function:

A

Innerv: medial plantar n.

Function: flexes great toe at MP joint

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16
Q

Adductor hallucis (2 heads!)
Innerv:
Function:

A

Innverv: lateral plantar n.

Function: adducts 1st digit

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17
Q

Flexor digiti minimi brevis
Innerv:
Function:

A

Innerv: lateral plantar n.

Function: flexes 5th digit at MP joint

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18
Q

Layer 4 muscles

A
  1. plantar interossei (3)

2. dorsal interossei (4)

19
Q

Plantar Interossei
Innerv:
Function:

A

Innerv: lateral plantar n.

Function:

  1. ADducts digits 3-5 (toward 2nd digit)
  2. flexes 3-5 digits at MP joints
20
Q

Dorsal Interossei
Innerv:
Function:

A

Innerv: lateral planter n.

Function:

  1. ABduct digits 2-4 (digit 2 medially & laterally)
  2. flexes digits 2-4 at MP joints
21
Q

Medial plantar n. innervates what?

A
  1. ABductor hallucis
  2. flexor digitorum brevis
  3. flexor hallucis brevis
  4. 1st lumbrical
  5. most of the cut. sole of the foot
22
Q

What 2 muscles are on the dorsum of the foot?

A
  1. extensor digitorum brevis

2. extensor hallucis brevis

23
Q

Extensor digitorum brevis

Function:

A

aids EDL in extension of digits 2-4

24
Q

Extensor digitorum brevis

Function:

A

aids EHL in extension of great toe at MP joint

25
Q

What a. comes from the anterior tibial a.

A

dorsalis pedis a.

26
Q

What 3 ligaments are on the lateral part of the ankle?

A
  1. anterior talofibular ligament
  2. posterior talofibular ligament
  3. calcaneofibular ligament
27
Q

The ligament on the lateral aspect of the ankle is known collectively as what?

A

deltoid ligament

28
Q

What is the ankle joint known as?

A

talocrural joint

29
Q

What movements can the talocrural joint (ankle) do?

A

dorsiflexion

plantarflexion

30
Q

What movement of the ankle is performed by the muscles in the anterior compartment of the leg? It is limited by passive resistance of the triceps surae & by the medial and lateral ligaments?

A

dorsiflexioin

31
Q

What movement of the ankle is performed by the muscles in the posterior compartment of the leg? It is limited by the medial and lateral ligaments.

A

plantarflexion

32
Q

What joint is betweenn the talus and the calcaneus?

A

subtalar joint

33
Q

What 2 movements can occur at the subtalar joint?

A
  1. inversion

2. eversion

34
Q

What subtalar joint movement is performed by tibialis anterior & posterior? It is resisted by lateral ankle ligaments?

A

inversion

35
Q

What subtalar joint if performed by fibularis longus, brevis, & tertius? It is resisted by the deltoid ligament.

A

eversion

36
Q

What are the 3 ligaments of the transverse tarsal joint?

A
  1. plantarcaneonavicular “spring” ligament
  2. long plantar ligament
  3. short planter (calcaneocuboid) ligament
37
Q

*Which ligament extends from the sustentaculum tali of the calcaneous to the navicular? It is critical for the integrity of the talocalcaneonavicular joint.

  1. plantarcaneonavicular “spring” ligament
  2. long plantar ligament
  3. short planter (calcaneocuboid) ligament
A
  1. plantarcaneonavicular “spring” ligament
38
Q

*Which ligament support the medial longitudinal arch?

  1. plantarcaneonavicular “spring” ligament
  2. long plantar ligament
  3. short planter (calcaneocuboid) ligament
A
  1. plantarcaneonavicular “spring” ligament
39
Q

*Which ligament extends from the calcaneous to the cuboid & metatarsals? It also supports the lateral longitudinal ligament and forms the floor of tunnel for the tendon of fibularis longus m.

  1. plantarcaneonavicular “spring” ligament
  2. long plantar ligament
  3. short planter (calcaneocuboid) ligament
A
  1. long plantar ligament
40
Q

*Which ligament is deep to the long plantar ligament? It extends from the calcaneous to the cuboid and forms the roof of the tunnel for the tendon of fibularis longus.

  1. plantarcaneonavicular “spring” ligament
  2. long plantar ligament
  3. short planter (calcaneocuboid) ligament
A
  1. short planter (calcaneocuboid) ligament
41
Q

Name the arch that runs from side to side of the foot.

A

Transverse Arch

42
Q

Name the arch that contains the medial longitudinal arch & the lateral longitudinal arch.

A

Longitudinal Arch of the Foot

43
Q

Clinically, an ankle sprain is usually always what type of injury?

A

inversion: the lateral ligament is damaged by excessive or rapid inversion;
* most commonly the anterior talofibular ligament is sprained, maybe accompanied by a fracture of the fibula*

VCU Anatomy Test 2 (25 decks)

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