Foot Flashcards
What surface of the skin on the foot is thin skin, with loose subcutaneous tissue?
dorsal surface
What surface of the skin on the foot is thick skin, with fibrous subcutaneous tissue & fat filled areas?
plantar surface
On the dorsal surface of the foot, fascia is thin. It is continuous with inferior extensor retinaculum proximally & plantar fascia posteriorly & laterally. What is medial?
flexor retinaculum
On the plantar surface of the foot, fascia is thick. The centralized region is what?
plantar aponeurosis (plantar fascia)
What gives off vertical septa that divides the sole of the foot into medial, central, & lateral compartments?
plantar aponeurosis (plantar fascia)
Layer 1 muscles
- abductor hallucis
- flexor digitorum brevis
- abductor digiti minimi
Abductor hallucis
Innerv:
Function:
Innerv: medial plantar n.
Function:
- ABducts great toe at MP joint
- flexes great toe at MP joint
Flexor digitorum brevis
Innerv:
Function:
Innerv: medial plantar n.
Function: flexes lateral 4 digits
ABductor digiti minimi
Innerv:
Function:
Innerv: lateral plantar n.
Function:
- ABducts 5th digit
- flexes 5th digit
Layer 2 muscles
- quadratus plantae
2. lumbricals (4)
Quadratus plantae
Innerv:
Function:
Innerv: lateral plantar n.
Function: assists FDL in flexion of lateral 4 digits (straightens out the pull of FDL tendon)
Lumbricals (4)
O:
O: tendons of FDL
Lumbricals (4)
Innerv:
Function:
Innerv:
medial: medial plantar n.
lateral three: lateral plantar n.
Function:
- flexes digits at MP joint
- extends digits at IP joint
Layer 3 muscles
- flexor hallucis brevis
- adductor hallucis
- flexor digiti minimi brevis
Flexor hallucis brevis:
Innerv:
Function:
Innerv: medial plantar n.
Function: flexes great toe at MP joint
Adductor hallucis (2 heads!)
Innerv:
Function:
Innverv: lateral plantar n.
Function: adducts 1st digit
Flexor digiti minimi brevis
Innerv:
Function:
Innerv: lateral plantar n.
Function: flexes 5th digit at MP joint
Layer 4 muscles
- plantar interossei (3)
2. dorsal interossei (4)
Plantar Interossei
Innerv:
Function:
Innerv: lateral plantar n.
Function:
- ADducts digits 3-5 (toward 2nd digit)
- flexes 3-5 digits at MP joints
Dorsal Interossei
Innerv:
Function:
Innerv: lateral planter n.
Function:
- ABduct digits 2-4 (digit 2 medially & laterally)
- flexes digits 2-4 at MP joints
Medial plantar n. innervates what?
- ABductor hallucis
- flexor digitorum brevis
- flexor hallucis brevis
- 1st lumbrical
- most of the cut. sole of the foot
What 2 muscles are on the dorsum of the foot?
- extensor digitorum brevis
2. extensor hallucis brevis
Extensor digitorum brevis
Function:
aids EDL in extension of digits 2-4
Extensor digitorum brevis
Function:
aids EHL in extension of great toe at MP joint
What a. comes from the anterior tibial a.
dorsalis pedis a.
What 3 ligaments are on the lateral part of the ankle?
- anterior talofibular ligament
- posterior talofibular ligament
- calcaneofibular ligament
The ligament on the lateral aspect of the ankle is known collectively as what?
deltoid ligament
What is the ankle joint known as?
talocrural joint
What movements can the talocrural joint (ankle) do?
dorsiflexion
plantarflexion
What movement of the ankle is performed by the muscles in the anterior compartment of the leg? It is limited by passive resistance of the triceps surae & by the medial and lateral ligaments?
dorsiflexioin
What movement of the ankle is performed by the muscles in the posterior compartment of the leg? It is limited by the medial and lateral ligaments.
plantarflexion
What joint is betweenn the talus and the calcaneus?
subtalar joint
What 2 movements can occur at the subtalar joint?
- inversion
2. eversion
What subtalar joint movement is performed by tibialis anterior & posterior? It is resisted by lateral ankle ligaments?
inversion
What subtalar joint if performed by fibularis longus, brevis, & tertius? It is resisted by the deltoid ligament.
eversion
What are the 3 ligaments of the transverse tarsal joint?
- plantarcaneonavicular “spring” ligament
- long plantar ligament
- short planter (calcaneocuboid) ligament
*Which ligament extends from the sustentaculum tali of the calcaneous to the navicular? It is critical for the integrity of the talocalcaneonavicular joint.
- plantarcaneonavicular “spring” ligament
- long plantar ligament
- short planter (calcaneocuboid) ligament
- plantarcaneonavicular “spring” ligament
*Which ligament support the medial longitudinal arch?
- plantarcaneonavicular “spring” ligament
- long plantar ligament
- short planter (calcaneocuboid) ligament
- plantarcaneonavicular “spring” ligament
*Which ligament extends from the calcaneous to the cuboid & metatarsals? It also supports the lateral longitudinal ligament and forms the floor of tunnel for the tendon of fibularis longus m.
- plantarcaneonavicular “spring” ligament
- long plantar ligament
- short planter (calcaneocuboid) ligament
- long plantar ligament
*Which ligament is deep to the long plantar ligament? It extends from the calcaneous to the cuboid and forms the roof of the tunnel for the tendon of fibularis longus.
- plantarcaneonavicular “spring” ligament
- long plantar ligament
- short planter (calcaneocuboid) ligament
- short planter (calcaneocuboid) ligament
Name the arch that runs from side to side of the foot.
Transverse Arch
Name the arch that contains the medial longitudinal arch & the lateral longitudinal arch.
Longitudinal Arch of the Foot
Clinically, an ankle sprain is usually always what type of injury?
inversion: the lateral ligament is damaged by excessive or rapid inversion;
* most commonly the anterior talofibular ligament is sprained, maybe accompanied by a fracture of the fibula*
