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Biochem (2016) > Glucose Metabolism > Flashcards

Glucose Metabolism Flashcards

1
Q

Reactant in step 1

A

Glucose

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2
Q

Product in step 1

A

Glucose-6-phosphate

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3
Q

Reactant in step 2

A

Glucose-6-phosphate

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4
Q

Product in step 2

A

Fructose-6-phosphate

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5
Q

Reactant in step 3

A

Fructose-6-phosphate

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6
Q

Product in step 3

A

Fructose-1,6-bisphosphate

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7
Q

Reactant in step 4

A

Fructose-1,6-bisphosphate

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8
Q

Product in step 4

A

Glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate and dihydroxyacetone phosphate

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9
Q

Reactant in step 5

A

Dihydroxyacetone phosphate

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10
Q

Product in step 5

A

Glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate

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11
Q

Reactant in step 6

A

Glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate

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12
Q

Product in step 6

A

1,3-bisphosphoglycerate and NADH

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13
Q

Reactant in step 7

A

1,3-bisphosphoglycerate and H2O

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14
Q

Product in step 7

A

3-phosphoglycerate and phosphate

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15
Q

Reactant in step 8

A

3-phosphoglycerate

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16
Q

Product in step 8

A

2-phosphoglycerate

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17
Q

Reactant in step 9

A

2-phosphoglycerate

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18
Q

Product in step 9

A

Phosphoenolpyruvate

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19
Q

Reactant in step 10

A

Phosphoenolpyruvate and H2O

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20
Q

Product in step 10

A

Pyruvate and phosphate

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21
Q

Enzyme in step 1

A

Hexokinase

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22
Q

Enzyme in step 2

A

Phosphohexose isomerase

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23
Q

Enzyme in step 3

A

Phosphofructokinase

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24
Q

Enzyme in step 4

A

Fructose-1,6-bisphosphate aldolase

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25
Enzyme in step 5
Triose-phosphate-isomerase
26
Enzyme in step 6
G-3-P dehydrogenase
27
Enzyme in step 7
P-glycerate kinase
28
Enzyme in step 8
P-glycerate mutase
29
Enzyme in step 9
Enolase
30
Enzyme in step 10
Pyruvate kinase
31
Coenzyme in step 6
Phosphate and NAD+ -> NADH and H+
32
Coenzyme in step 7
ADP -> ATP
33
Coenzyme in step 8
None
34
Coenzyme in step 9
H2O released
35
Coenzyme in step 10
ADP and H+ -> ATP
36
Coenzyme in step 1
ATP -> ADP
37
Coenzyme in step 2
None
38
Coenzyme in step 3
ATP -> ADP
39
Coenzyme in step 4
None
40
Coenzyme in step 5
None
41
What are the 2 phases of glycolysis and what occurs in each phase?
1) Preparatory - glucose if phosphorylated and split into 2 triose phosphates; costs 2 ATP 2) Payoff - oxidation and phosphorylation yield 2 NADH and 4 ATP
42
Is glucose metabolism an exergonic or endergonic pathway?
Exergonic
43
Is step 1 exergonic or endergonic?
Endergonic
44
How is glucose-6-P isomerized to fructose-6-P in step 2?
Via aldose/ketose isomerization
45
Is step 3 exergonic or endergonic?
Endergonic
46
Which steps in the preparatory phase cost 2 ATP?
Steps 1 and 3
47
What are some characteristics of phosphofructokinase?
- Activated by AMP | - Inhibited by ATP at allosteric binding sites
48
What is the function of adenylate kinase?
"Squeeze" some ATP out of ADP through the reaction 2 ADP -> ATP and AMP
49
What is important to remember about step 5?
There are now 2 G-3-P molecules formed, so from now on there are 2 reactants and 2 products for each following step
50
What type of reaction is step 6?
Oxidation and phosphorylation
51
What is important about step 7?
1 ATP is produced per 3-C compound, so 2 ATPs are produced per glucose
52
Is step 7 exergonic or endergonic?
Exergonic
53
Where do glycolysis occur?
In the cytoplasm
54
The enzymes of glycolysis are ____-soluble
Water
55
What type of reaction occurs in step 8?
A rearrangement with an intramolecular transfer of the phosphate group
56
Define mutase
An enzyme that transfers a functional group from one part of a molecule to another
57
What type of reaction is step 9?
Dehydration
58
What type of reaction is step 10?
Substrate level phosphorylation
59
Why is step 10 called a regulation step?
Pyruvate kinase is allosterically inhibited by ATP, acetyl-CoA, and fatty acids
60
What happens to pyruvate in yeast?
It becomes ethanol and CO2
61
What happens to pyruvate in animals and plants?
It becomes acetyl-CoA and CO2, and is then converted into 2 CO2 and 2 H2O
62
What happens to pyruvate in muscles and microbes?
It becomes lactate
63
What enzyme converts pyruvate to lactate?
Lactate dehydrogenase
64
What is the coenzyme of lactic acid fermentation?
NADH -> NAD+
65
What enzyme converts pyruvate into ethanol?
Pyruvate decarboxylase
66
What enzyme converts ethanol to acetaldehyde?
Alcohol dehydrogenase
67
What enzyme converts pyruvate to acetyl-CoA?
Pyruvate dehydrogenase complex (E1, E2, and E3)
68
What are the coenzymes involved in converting pyruvate to acetyl-CoA?
- CoA-SH in - NAD+ -> NADH - TPP, lipoate, and FAD

Biochem (2016) (8 decks)

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