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Biochem (2016) > Glucose Metabolism > Flashcards

Glucose Metabolism Flashcards

1
Q

Reactant in step 1

A

Glucose

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2
Q

Product in step 1

A

Glucose-6-phosphate

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3
Q

Reactant in step 2

A

Glucose-6-phosphate

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4
Q

Product in step 2

A

Fructose-6-phosphate

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5
Q

Reactant in step 3

A

Fructose-6-phosphate

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6
Q

Product in step 3

A

Fructose-1,6-bisphosphate

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7
Q

Reactant in step 4

A

Fructose-1,6-bisphosphate

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8
Q

Product in step 4

A

Glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate and dihydroxyacetone phosphate

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9
Q

Reactant in step 5

A

Dihydroxyacetone phosphate

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10
Q

Product in step 5

A

Glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate

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11
Q

Reactant in step 6

A

Glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate

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12
Q

Product in step 6

A

1,3-bisphosphoglycerate and NADH

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13
Q

Reactant in step 7

A

1,3-bisphosphoglycerate and H2O

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14
Q

Product in step 7

A

3-phosphoglycerate and phosphate

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15
Q

Reactant in step 8

A

3-phosphoglycerate

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16
Q

Product in step 8

A

2-phosphoglycerate

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17
Q

Reactant in step 9

A

2-phosphoglycerate

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18
Q

Product in step 9

A

Phosphoenolpyruvate

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19
Q

Reactant in step 10

A

Phosphoenolpyruvate and H2O

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20
Q

Product in step 10

A

Pyruvate and phosphate

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21
Q

Enzyme in step 1

A

Hexokinase

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22
Q

Enzyme in step 2

A

Phosphohexose isomerase

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23
Q

Enzyme in step 3

A

Phosphofructokinase

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24
Q

Enzyme in step 4

A

Fructose-1,6-bisphosphate aldolase

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25
Q

Enzyme in step 5

A

Triose-phosphate-isomerase

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26
Q

Enzyme in step 6

A

G-3-P dehydrogenase

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27
Q

Enzyme in step 7

A

P-glycerate kinase

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28
Q

Enzyme in step 8

A

P-glycerate mutase

29
Q

Enzyme in step 9

A

Enolase

30
Q

Enzyme in step 10

A

Pyruvate kinase

31
Q

Coenzyme in step 6

A

Phosphate and NAD+ -> NADH and H+

32
Q

Coenzyme in step 7

A

ADP -> ATP

33
Q

Coenzyme in step 8

A

None

34
Q

Coenzyme in step 9

A

H2O released

35
Q

Coenzyme in step 10

A

ADP and H+ -> ATP

36
Q

Coenzyme in step 1

A

ATP -> ADP

37
Q

Coenzyme in step 2

A

None

38
Q

Coenzyme in step 3

A

ATP -> ADP

39
Q

Coenzyme in step 4

A

None

40
Q

Coenzyme in step 5

A

None

41
Q

What are the 2 phases of glycolysis and what occurs in each phase?

A

1) Preparatory - glucose if phosphorylated and split into 2 triose phosphates; costs 2 ATP
2) Payoff - oxidation and phosphorylation yield 2 NADH and 4 ATP

42
Q

Is glucose metabolism an exergonic or endergonic pathway?

A

Exergonic

43
Q

Is step 1 exergonic or endergonic?

A

Endergonic

44
Q

How is glucose-6-P isomerized to fructose-6-P in step 2?

A

Via aldose/ketose isomerization

45
Q

Is step 3 exergonic or endergonic?

A

Endergonic

46
Q

Which steps in the preparatory phase cost 2 ATP?

A

Steps 1 and 3

47
Q

What are some characteristics of phosphofructokinase?

A
  • Activated by AMP

- Inhibited by ATP at allosteric binding sites

48
Q

What is the function of adenylate kinase?

A

“Squeeze” some ATP out of ADP through the reaction 2 ADP -> ATP and AMP

49
Q

What is important to remember about step 5?

A

There are now 2 G-3-P molecules formed, so from now on there are 2 reactants and 2 products for each following step

50
Q

What type of reaction is step 6?

A

Oxidation and phosphorylation

51
Q

What is important about step 7?

A

1 ATP is produced per 3-C compound, so 2 ATPs are produced per glucose

52
Q

Is step 7 exergonic or endergonic?

A

Exergonic

53
Q

Where do glycolysis occur?

A

In the cytoplasm

54
Q

The enzymes of glycolysis are ____-soluble

A

Water

55
Q

What type of reaction occurs in step 8?

A

A rearrangement with an intramolecular transfer of the phosphate group

56
Q

Define mutase

A

An enzyme that transfers a functional group from one part of a molecule to another

57
Q

What type of reaction is step 9?

A

Dehydration

58
Q

What type of reaction is step 10?

A

Substrate level phosphorylation

59
Q

Why is step 10 called a regulation step?

A

Pyruvate kinase is allosterically inhibited by ATP, acetyl-CoA, and fatty acids

60
Q

What happens to pyruvate in yeast?

A

It becomes ethanol and CO2

61
Q

What happens to pyruvate in animals and plants?

A

It becomes acetyl-CoA and CO2, and is then converted into 2 CO2 and 2 H2O

62
Q

What happens to pyruvate in muscles and microbes?

A

It becomes lactate

63
Q

What enzyme converts pyruvate to lactate?

A

Lactate dehydrogenase

64
Q

What is the coenzyme of lactic acid fermentation?

A

NADH -> NAD+

65
Q

What enzyme converts pyruvate into ethanol?

A

Pyruvate decarboxylase

66
Q

What enzyme converts ethanol to acetaldehyde?

A

Alcohol dehydrogenase

67
Q

What enzyme converts pyruvate to acetyl-CoA?

A

Pyruvate dehydrogenase complex (E1, E2, and E3)

68
Q

What are the coenzymes involved in converting pyruvate to acetyl-CoA?

A
  • CoA-SH in
  • NAD+ -> NADH
  • TPP, lipoate, and FAD

Biochem (2016) (8 decks)

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