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Zak, MCM > Glucose Metabolism > Flashcards

Glucose Metabolism Flashcards

1
Q

Explain hexokinase…

A

Glucose –> G6P (glycolysis)

*present in all cells

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2
Q

Explain glucokinase…

A

Glucose –> G6P (glycolysis)

*present in liver, low affinity and high capacity for glucose

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3
Q

Explain PFK1…

A

F6P –> F-1,6-BP (glycolysis)

*Committed step

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4
Q

Explain phosphoglycerate kinase…

A

1,3-BPG –> 3-PG (glycolysis)

*creates an ATP

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5
Q

Explain pyruvate kinase…

A

PEP –> pyruvate (glycolysis)

*creates an ATP

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6
Q

Where do galactose and fructose enter glycolysis?

A

Galactose = G6P
Fructose (dietary) = DHAP/GAP
Fructose (fat) = F6P

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7
Q

How is pyruvate kinase activated/inactivated?

A 
Phosphorylation = inactivated
Dephosphorylation = activated
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8
Q

Where does High-Fructose Corn Syrup enter glycolysis?

A

DHAP

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9
Q

Explain pyruvate carboxylase…

A

Pyruvate –> oxaloacetate (gluconeogenesis)

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10
Q

Explain PEP carboxykinase…

A

Oxaloacetate –> PEP (gluconeogenesis)

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11
Q

Explain F-1,6-BPase…

A

F-1,6-BP –> F6P (gluconeogenesis)

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12
Q

Explain G6Pase…

A

G6P –> Glucose (gluconeogenesis)

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13
Q

Explain G6P dehydrogenase…

A

G6P –> Ribulose-5-phosphate (pentose phosphate)

  • Rate limiting and oxidative step
  • Creates 2 NADPH
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14
Q

Explain phosphoglucomutase…

A

G6P –> G1P (glycogenesis)

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15
Q

Explain UDP-glucose pyrophosphorylase…

A

G1P + UDP –> UDP-glucose (glycogenesis)

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16
Q

Explain glycogen synthase…

A

UDP-glucose –> existing glycogen chain (glycogenesis)

  • Rate limiting step
  • via alpha-1,4 bonds
17
Q

Explain glycosyl transferase…

A

Adds ~7 UDP-glucose residues to glycogen chain as a branch via alpha-1,6 bonds

18
Q

Explain glycogen phosphorylase…

A

Glycogen chain –> G1P residues

*Rate limiting step

19
Q

Explain the debranching enzyme…

A

~3 residues of glycogen branch –> glycogen main chain

Then cleaves alpha-1,6 bond of final G1P residue

20
Q

Explain the difference in G6Pase function in the liver VS the muscle…

A

Liver - creates free glucose to enter circulation

Muscle - creates glucose to enter glycolysis

21
Q

What activates PKB?

A

Insulin binding to RTK on membrane

22
Q

How does PKB function?

A

Sends waiting GLUT4 to membrane.

Phosphorylates/Activates PP1.

23
Q

How does PP1 function?

A

Dephosphorylates/Inactivates glycogen phosphorylase.

Dephosphorylates/Activates glycogen synthase.

24
Q

What activates PKA?

A

Glucagon binding to GPCR on membrane

25
Q

How does PKA function?

A

Phosphorylates/Inactivates glycogen synthase.
Phosphorylates/Activates PP1 inhibitor.
Phosphorylates/Activates phosphorylase kinase (PK).

26
Q

How does PK function?

A

Phosphorylates/Activates glycogen phosphorylase

Zak, MCM (13 decks)

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