Cellular Homeostasis

Question 1

What are + regulators of glycolysis?

Answer 1

Glucose, Insulin, AMP

Question 2

What are - regulators of glycolysis?

Answer 2

Glucagon, citrate, Ala, ATP

Question 3

What is Fanconi-Bickel Syndrome?

Answer 3

Mutation in GLUT2
Causes hyperglycemia after a meal and hypoglycemia b/w meals
Causes decreased insulin secretion b/c ß-cells in pancreas don’t detect increased glucose

Question 4

What transcriptional regulator is needed for gluconeogenesis to occur in the liver?

Answer 4

PEPCK

Question 5

What are the 6 types of post-translational modification and what are they adding?

Answer 5

Acetylation --> add acetyl group
Acylation --> add acyl group
Glycation --> add glucose
Glycosylation --> add # and variety of sugars
Phosphoylation --> add Pi group
Ubiquitination --> add ubiquitin

Question 6

Where are the 3 protein degradation molecules located in relation to the cell?

Answer 6

Intracellular = Lysosome, Proteasome
Extracellular = Proteases

Question 7

How do the intracellular protein degradation organelles function?

Answer 7

Lysosome - contain acid hydrolases that cleave peptide bonds

Proteasomes - degrade ubiquitinated proteins

Question 8

How does the extracellular protein degradation molecule function?

Answer 8

Proteases - secreted as inactive zymogens, then activated and metabolize proteins

Question 9

What is Inclusion Cell Disease?

Answer 9

Gene for the protein that attaches M6P to hydrolases is defective.
Causes hydrolases to be excreted from the cell instead of sent to lysosomes