glucose homeostasis and diabetes (scheurink) Flashcards
glucose
fuel for the brain
free fatty acids
fuel for long term exercise and fasting
amino acids
breakdown of muscle protein, hunger strike
glucostatic theory
when glucose levels are low, eating is stimulated. these levels are picked up by the hypothalamus
lipostatic theory
amount of fat is regulated, homeostasis. regulated by leptin signalling system
glycogenesis
liver and muscle, storage of glucose in glycogen
glycogenolysis
liver and muscle, release of glucose out of glycogen
gluconeogenesis
liver, production of glycogen from amino acids, lactate and glycerol
lipogenesis
fat tissue, glucose + 3 fatty acids form tryglicerides
lipolysis
fat tissue, release into fatty acids and glycerol
insulin
storage hormone for amino acids, glucose and fatty acids.
B-cells
located in the pancreas, produce insulin.
glucagon
released by A-cells at low glucose levels. promotes lysis and thereby increases blood glucose levels
amylin
co-secretion
somatostatin
general inhibitor
GLP-1
gut hormone, treating diabetes, stimulate insulin production and b cell growth
HbA1c
haemoglobin molecules, carries glucose, measuring long term glucose levels
type 1 diabetes
autoimmune disease, receptors are still sensitive, injection needed
type 2 diabetes
B cells are damaged, insulin resistance, causes vascular damage.
insulin resistance
causes hyperglicaemia and lipotoxicity causing damage to b cells
prediabetic
no symptoms but elevated glucose levels, developing insulin resistance
incretines
normalisation of glucose levels after GLP-1 injection, islets neogenesis b cells
