Glossary I

Question 1

The extent to which you see yourself and your
group as overlapping

Answer 1

identity fusion

Question 2

The philosophical and political values that govern a group.

Answer 2

ideology

Question 3

The mere repetition of information creates a
sense of familiarity and more positive attitudes

Answer 3

illusion of truth effect

Question 4

A plan for how to implement our intentions to
carry out some action.

Answer 4

implementation plan

Question 5

Links between group membership and trait
associations or evaluations that the perceiver may be unaware of. They can be activated automatically based on the group membership of a target

Answer 5

implicit associations

Question 6

Unconscious associations between objects and evaluative responses.

Answer 6

implicit attitudes

Question 7

Feelings about the self of which we are not
consciously aware.

Answer 7

implicit self-esteem

Question 8

The process through which we form
impressions of others

Answer 8

impression formation

Question 9

Efforts by individuals to produce favorable first impressions on others

Answer 9

impression management (self-presentation)

Question 10

Those feelings induced separately or before a
target is encountered; as a result, those feelings are irrelevant to the group being judged but can still affect judgments of the target.

Answer 10

incidental feelings

Question 11

Groups where the norm is to stand out and be different from others; individual variability is expected and disagreement among members is tolerated.

Answer 11

individualism

Question 12

Instances in which our ability to process
information is exceeded.

Answer 12

information overload

Question 13

Social influence based on the desire
to be correct (i.e., to possess accurate perceptions of the social world)

Answer 13

informational social influence

Question 14

A procedure in which research participants are
provided with as much information as possible about a research project before deciding whether to participate in it.

Answer 14

informed consent

Question 15

When we try to make others like us by conveying that we like them; praising others to flatter them.

Answer 15

ingratiation

Question 16

Norms specifying what ought to be done; what is approved or disapproved behavior in a given situation

Answer 16

injunctive norms

Question 17

A basic form of learning in which responses that lead to positive outcomes, or which permit avoidance of negative outcomes, are strengthened.

Answer 17

instrumental conditioning

Question 18

Judgments that result from comparisons
between our group and another group.

Answer 18

intergroup comparisons

Question 19

When criticism of a group by an in-group member is responded to more favorably than when made by an outgroup member.

Answer 19

intergroup sensitivity effect

Question 20

An attitudinal dimension underlying attachment styles that involves the belief that other people are generally trustworthy, dependable, and reliable as opposed to the belief that others are generally untrustworthy, undependable, and unreliable. This is
the most successful and most desirable attachment style.

Answer 20

interpersonal trust

Question 21

In Sternberg’s triangular model of love, the closeness felt by two people—the extent to which they are bonded

Answer 21

intimacy

Question 22

Judgments that result from comparisons
between individuals who are members of the same group.

Answer 22

intragroup comparisons

Question 23

To privately contemplate “who we are.” It is a method for attempting to gain self-knowledge

Answer 23

introspection

Question 24

Our belief that social influence plays a smaller role in shaping our own actions than it does in shaping the actions of others.

Answer 24

introspection illusion