Glossary: Cardiovascular and Lymphatic System

Question 1

Aortic valve

Answer 1

Semilunar valve that prevents back flow of blood from aorta to heart.

Question 2

Apex

Answer 2

Rounded tip of heart, pointing left and downward.

Question 3

Atrial appendage

Answer 3

Ear-shaped continuation of left and right upper part of atria.

Question 4

Atrioventricular node

Answer 4

Located in right atrium near lower portion of interatrial septum and composed of small mass of atypical cardiac muscle tissue.

Question 5

Atrioventricular valves

Answer 5

Valves between atria and ventricles of the heart.

Question 6

Atrium

Answer 6

Left or right upper chamber of heart.

Question 7

Bundle of His

Answer 7

Band of specialized cardiac muscle fibers that arise in atrioventricular node and branch down on both sides of interventricular septum, transmitting atrial contraction rhythms to ventricles.

Question 8

Chordae tendineae

Answer 8

Tendinous strings resembling cords that extend from cusps of atrioventricular valves to papillary muscles of heart.

Question 9

Conus arteriosus

Answer 9

Upper, anterior angle of right ventricle where pulmonary artery begins.

Question 10

Cor

Answer 10

Heart.

Question 11

Coronary arteries and veins

Answer 11

Blood vessels of heart.

Question 12

Cusp

Answer 12

Leafletlike segment of cardiac valve.

Question 13

Diastole

Answer 13

Relaxation stage of heart action.

Question 14

Ductus arteriosus

Answer 14

Blood vessel present in fetal circulation that connects pulmonary artery to descending aorta.

Question 15

Endocardium

Answer 15

Endothelial membrane lining chambers of heart.

Question 16

Epicardium

Answer 16

Outermost serous layer covering heart.

Question 17

Foramen ovale

Answer 17

Opening between atria in fetal heart, normally closed after birth.

Question 18

Interventricular

Answer 18

Between ventricles.

Question 19

Myocardium

Answer 19

Thick middle muscle layer of heart wall.

Question 20

Pacemaker

Answer 20

Sinoatrial node, which initiates heartbeat and regulates its rate.

Question 21

Pericardium

Answer 21

External layer of membrane covering heart.

Question 22

Pulmonary valve

Answer 22

Valve at base of pulmonary artery (also called semilunar valve).

Question 23

Purkinje fibers

Answer 23

Specialized cardiac muscle fibers that are involved in impulse-conducting system of the heart.

Question 24

Semilunar valves

Answer 24

The half-moon-shaped valves at base of pulmonary artery and aorta.

Question 25

Systole

Answer 25

Contraction stage of heart action.

Question 26

Valves

Answer 26

Membranous structures in passages that close to prevent reflux of contents.

Question 27

Antibody

Answer 27

Protein substance formed in lymphoid tissue that interacts with specific antigens to protect the body.

Question 28

Antigen

Answer 28

Substance that triggers formation of specific antibodies, which react against antigen.

Question 29

Basophil

Answer 29

Cell that stains with basic dyes.

Question 30

Capillary

Answer 30

Small blood vessel that connects arterioles with venues, forming vast network throughout the body.

Question 31

Eosinophil

Answer 31

Cell that stains readily with orange or yellow acid eosin dyes.

Question 32

Erythropoiesis

Answer 32

Red blood cell production.

Question 33

Erythrocyte

Answer 33

Red blood cell.

Question 34

Granulocyte

Answer 34

Cell containing granules.

Question 35

Granulocytopoiesis

Answer 35

Production of granulocytes.

Question 36

Hematopoiesis

Answer 36

Production of red blood cells.

Question 37

Heme

Answer 37

Insoluble, nonprotein, iron-containing portion of hemoglobin.

Question 38

Hemoglobin

Answer 38

Iron-containing red pigment that combines with protein substance (globin), giving blood its red color.

Question 39

Heparin

Answer 39

Anticoagulant substance.

Question 40

Leukocyte

Answer 40

White blood cell.

Question 41

Leukocytopoiesis

Answer 41

Leukocyte production.

Question 42

Lymphocyte

Answer 42

Cleat, nongranular leukocyte with single, round nucleus that functions in phagocytosis and antibody formation.

Question 43

Lymphopoiesis

Answer 43

Production of lymphocyte.

Question 44

Macrocyte

Answer 44

Abnormally large erythrocyte.

Question 45

Megakaryocyte

Answer 45

Giant cell of bone marrow that produces mature blood platelets.

Question 46

Monocyte

Answer 46

Phagocytic, mononuclear white blood cell

Question 47

Monocytopoiesis

Answer 47

Formation of monocytes.

Question 48

Neutrophil

Answer 48

Neutral dye-staining granular leukocyte containing lobed nucleus.

Question 49

Phagocytosis

Answer 49

Ingestion and destruction of microorganisms, cells, and foreign matter.

Question 50

Plasma

Answer 50

Liquid portion of blood.

Question 51

Plasmocyte

Answer 51

Plasma cell.

Question 52

Platelet

Answer 52

Disklike, non nucleated element in blood, originating in red bone marrow and necessary for blood coagulation.

Question 53

Prothrombin

Answer 53

Factor in blood plasma that converts to thrombin and is part of blood-clotting mechanism.

Question 54

Reticulocyte

Answer 54

Immature red blood cell, which shows basophilic reticulum (network) under vital staining.

Question 55

Serum

Answer 55

Blood plasma without the clotting elements.

Question 56

Sinusoid

Answer 56

Large, variable, anastomosing, terminal blood vessel with reticuloendothelium lining, found in organs such as liver and spleen.

Question 57

Thrombin

Answer 57

Activated prothrombin; changes fibrinogens to fibrin.

Question 58

Thrombocyte

Answer 58

Blood platelet.

Question 59

Thromboplastin

Answer 59

Substance in blood and body tissue that aids in converting prothrombin to thrombin.

Question 60

Tunica

Answer 60

Outer covering or lining of organ or body part.

Question 61

Tunica adventitia

Answer 61

Fibrous elastic outer covering of blood vessels.

Question 62

Tunica intima

Answer 62

Inner coat of blood vessel.

Question 63

Tunica media

Answer 63

Middle coat of blood vessel.

Question 64

Vas

Answer 64

Vessel