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Glossary Flashcards

0
Q

An antigen that is not genetically determined and is sometimes transient

A

Acquired antigen

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1
Q

The removal of antibodies from serum by the addition of red cells that possess the corresponding surface antigen

A

Absorption

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2
Q

Immunity that is generated by the actual production of antibody by the host in the presence of foreign antigen

A

Active immunity

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3
Q

Normal serum constituents that increase in the presence of infection, injury or trauma to the tissues

A

Acute phase proteins

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4
Q

A substance that can increase the specific antibody production to, or the degree of sensitization againts antigen by increasing the size or length of survival in the circulation. A substance (usually injected with an antigen) that improves the immune response, either humoral or cellular, to the antigen

A

Adjuvant

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5
Q

The attachment of one substance to the surfaceof another, in particular, the attachment of antibody to specific receptors on a cell surface

A

Adsorption

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6
Q

Collection into clamps of the cells or particles distributed in a fluid.

A

Agglutination

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7
Q

An antibody that is capable of causing agglutination with surface antigens

A

Agglutinin

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8
Q

An antigen agglutinated or clumped by an agglutinin

A

Agglutinogen

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9
Q

A system for activating complement beginning at C3 and do not involve a serologic reaction

A

Alternative complement pathway

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10
Q

A substance in the blood and the lymph serving as one of the active component on the process of cytolysis, the other components being the complement and the cells with antibodies. Anti-sheep red blood cell antibody that causes hemolysis of sheep red cells in the presence of complement.

A

Amboceptor

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11
Q

A globulin formed in response to exposure to an antigen. Also known as immunoglobulin

A

Antibody (Ab)

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12
Q

Any substance that oppose or counteract the action of a complement

A

Anticomplementary substance

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13
Q

Any substance which, when introduced into the body stimulates the formation of antibody

A

Antigen (Ag)

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14
Q

Union of antibody with its homologous antigen

A

Antigen-antibody complex

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15
Q

An autoantibody directed against a component of the nucleus, commonly found in systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE)

A

Antinuclear antibody (ANA)

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16
Q

A serum containing antibody

A

Antisera

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17
Q

An antibody produced against streptolysin O, a hemolysin produced by Group A streptococci.

A

Antistreptolysin O (ASO)

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18
Q

An antibody produced against “self” antigen

A

Autoantibody

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19
Q

A molecule that behaves as a “self” antigen

A

Autoantigen

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20
Q

A lymphocyte from the bursa of Fabricius or an immunoglobulin-forming cell

A

B-cell

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21
Q

A substance contained in beef erythrocytes, which is capable of absorbing the heterophil antibodies produced as a result of infectious mononucleosis (IM) and serum sickness.

A

Beef erythrocyte (BE) antigen

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22
Q

A protein, not normally present in human blood, appears in a wide variety of inflammatory conditions. It is characterized by their ability to react with the C-polysaccharide somatic substance of the pneumococci.

A

C-reactive protein

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23
Q

The majpr system of complement activation that involves all nine components of complement and is initiated by a serologic reaction

A

Classic component pathway

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24
An agglutinin or hemagglutinin that is active at 4oC but not at 37oC
Cold agglutinin
25
A humoral mechanism of nonspecific immune response consisting of at least 14 components that proceed in a cascading sequence of activation resulting in cell lysis.
Complement
26
The fixation or binding of complement in a reaction with antigen and antibody
Complement fixation
27
Monitors day to day accurate performance of the lab tests/analyses
Control
28
A substance composed of extract from fresh beef hearts combined with lecithin and cholesterol
Cardiolipin antigen
29
A hemagglutination test that defines the characteristics of heterophil antibody by guinea pig and beef cell antigens
Davidsohn differential test
30
The most common procedure for the separation of mononuclear cells
Density gradient centrifugation
31
Theseparation of one substnce from theother
Dissociation
32
A fluid medium containing antibodies deliberately removed from thered cells
Eluate
33
A ligand assay in which the label is an enzyme and the binding reagent ks an antibody
Enzyme immunoassay
34
The point of dilution in a serologic reaction in which all the antigen and all the antibody are mutually involved in complexes
Equivalnce point
35
A specific type of precipitation that occurs over a narrow range of antigen concentration; aggregation pf colloidal particles in a serplogic reaction
Flocculation
36
A heteroplhil antibody that is stimulated by one antigen and reacts with unrelated surface antigen present on cells from dufferent mammalian species
Forssman antibody
37
A substance which absorbs the Forssman and serum sickness antibody
Guinea pig kidney (GPK) antigen
38
Flagellar ntigens of bacteria
H antigens
39
The agglutination or clumping of rbcs by the antiseru
Hemagglutination
40
Used inthe detection of antibodies involved in the blocking of agglutination of erythrocyrtes
Hemagglutination-inhibtion technique
41
Ruptured rbcs
Hemolyzed
42
A substance causing the agglutination of rbcs
Hemagglutinin
43
An ab capable of causing the lysis or dissolutuon of red cells with the consequent release of Hb
Hemolysin
44
The lysis of rbcs by specific antibody and serum complement
Hemolysis
45
Inflammation of liver caused by a virus or other agent (eg drugs)
Hepatitis
46
An ab produced in response to one Ntigen that will react with a second antigen genetically unrelated antigen
Heterophil antibody
47
An antigen that is broadly distributed in nature
Heterophil antigen
48
A virus that caused AIDS
Human immunodeficiency virus
49
A soln which has a concentration greater than the system woth which it is compared
Hypertonic solution
50
A process by which the activity of serum complement is nullified
Inactivation
51
An acite infectious disease caused by Epstein-Barr virus characterized by fever caharcterized by fever, pharyngitis and lymphadenopathy. There is a moderate leukocytosis due to abnormal mononuclear cells
Infectious mononucleosis (IM)
52
Outside the body; observable in a test tube
In-vitro
53
Within the living body
In-vivo
54
A molecule that combines with specific complementary configurations of the binding agent ( eg receptors, proteins, or antibody)
Ligand
55
The creation of a stable preparTion of a biologic material by rapid freezing and dehydration of the frozen produc under high vacuum
Lyophilization
56
An Ab which causes dissolution or lysis of cells
Lysin
57
An Ag-Ab reaction in which the reactive effect of a particular Ag is nullified by a specific Ab
Neutralization
58
The surface somatic Ag of bacteria
O Ag
59
An Ab that attaches to a cellular or particular Ag rendering it susceptible to phagocytosis
Opsonin
60
Hemagglutionation resulting from abs that are directed against ags absorbed to their rbc surface
Passive hemgglutination
61
The liquid portion of unclotted blood
Plasma
62
A weak or irregular ag-ab reaction occuring when a great excess of ag is exposed to a serum conataing a relatively low titer of ab
Postzone reaction
63
An ag-ab reaction in which a soluble ag is caused to settle out by the action of specific ab (precipitin)
Precipitation
64
A negative or weak reaction occurring when serum containing an extremely high titer of ab is exposed to a relativly small amoung of ag. The failure of a serologic reaction to occur in a high concentration of ab.
Prozone reaction
65
The clumping of cells caused by agents other than abs.
Pseudoagglutination
66
An atom with an unstable nucleus that spontaneously emits rediatin as it decays to a stable nucleus.
Radioisotope
67
An ab-like substance produced by the body in response to certain types of tissue invasion and destruction. It is found in varying small amounts normally, but is usally increased in syphilis, malaria and certain other diseases.
Reagin
68
A progressively higher dissolution of a substance arranged in a definite sequence or series.
Serial dilution
69
A brance of biology which concerns itself with ags and abs and their relationships
Serology
70
A condition wherein the cells are coated with incomplete (blocking or univalent) specific ab.
Sensitized
71
Thedetection of a specific ab in the serum of an individual in whom the ab was previously undetectable
Seroconversion
72
The fluid portion after the blood clots
Serum
73
The special affinity between the ag and its corresponding ab
Specificity
74
An assay in Which one of the reactants is bound to a surface
Solid radioimmunoassay
75
An enzyme that dissolves clots by converting plasminogen to plasmin
Streptokinase
76
A thymus derived lymphocyte responsible for cell-mediated hypersensitivity
T-lymphocyte (T-cell)
77
An expression of the highest dilution of serum which gives a visible reaction
Titer
78
The measurement of light transmitted through a suspension of particles
Turbidimetry
79
The agglutination of rbcs by a virus
Viral hemagglutination
80
An ab (or agglutinin) or hemagglutinin that is active at 37oC but not at 4oC
Warm agglutinin
81
The reduction in electrical charge of a red cell when it is suspended in a high ionic strength colloidal medium ( albumin)
Zeta potential

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