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Glossary Flashcards

0
Q

An antigen that is not genetically determined and is sometimes transient

A

Acquired antigen

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1
Q

The removal of antibodies from serum by the addition of red cells that possess the corresponding surface antigen

A

Absorption

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2
Q

Immunity that is generated by the actual production of antibody by the host in the presence of foreign antigen

A

Active immunity

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3
Q

Normal serum constituents that increase in the presence of infection, injury or trauma to the tissues

A

Acute phase proteins

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4
Q

A substance that can increase the specific antibody production to, or the degree of sensitization againts antigen by increasing the size or length of survival in the circulation. A substance (usually injected with an antigen) that improves the immune response, either humoral or cellular, to the antigen

A

Adjuvant

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5
Q

The attachment of one substance to the surfaceof another, in particular, the attachment of antibody to specific receptors on a cell surface

A

Adsorption

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6
Q

Collection into clamps of the cells or particles distributed in a fluid.

A

Agglutination

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7
Q

An antibody that is capable of causing agglutination with surface antigens

A

Agglutinin

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8
Q

An antigen agglutinated or clumped by an agglutinin

A

Agglutinogen

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9
Q

A system for activating complement beginning at C3 and do not involve a serologic reaction

A

Alternative complement pathway

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10
Q

A substance in the blood and the lymph serving as one of the active component on the process of cytolysis, the other components being the complement and the cells with antibodies. Anti-sheep red blood cell antibody that causes hemolysis of sheep red cells in the presence of complement.

A

Amboceptor

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11
Q

A globulin formed in response to exposure to an antigen. Also known as immunoglobulin

A

Antibody (Ab)

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12
Q

Any substance that oppose or counteract the action of a complement

A

Anticomplementary substance

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13
Q

Any substance which, when introduced into the body stimulates the formation of antibody

A

Antigen (Ag)

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14
Q

Union of antibody with its homologous antigen

A

Antigen-antibody complex

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15
Q

An autoantibody directed against a component of the nucleus, commonly found in systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE)

A

Antinuclear antibody (ANA)

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16
Q

A serum containing antibody

A

Antisera

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17
Q

An antibody produced against streptolysin O, a hemolysin produced by Group A streptococci.

A

Antistreptolysin O (ASO)

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18
Q

An antibody produced against “self” antigen

A

Autoantibody

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19
Q

A molecule that behaves as a “self” antigen

A

Autoantigen

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20
Q

A lymphocyte from the bursa of Fabricius or an immunoglobulin-forming cell

A

B-cell

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21
Q

A substance contained in beef erythrocytes, which is capable of absorbing the heterophil antibodies produced as a result of infectious mononucleosis (IM) and serum sickness.

A

Beef erythrocyte (BE) antigen

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22
Q

A protein, not normally present in human blood, appears in a wide variety of inflammatory conditions. It is characterized by their ability to react with the C-polysaccharide somatic substance of the pneumococci.

A

C-reactive protein

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23
Q

The majpr system of complement activation that involves all nine components of complement and is initiated by a serologic reaction

A

Classic component pathway

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24
Q

An agglutinin or hemagglutinin that is active at 4oC but not at 37oC

A

Cold agglutinin

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25
Q

A humoral mechanism of nonspecific immune response consisting of at least 14 components that proceed in a cascading sequence of activation resulting in cell lysis.

A

Complement

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26
Q

The fixation or binding of complement in a reaction with antigen and antibody

A

Complement fixation

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27
Q

Monitors day to day accurate performance of the lab tests/analyses

A

Control

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28
Q

A substance composed of extract from fresh beef hearts combined with lecithin and cholesterol

A

Cardiolipin antigen

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29
Q

A hemagglutination test that defines the characteristics of heterophil antibody by guinea pig and beef cell antigens

A

Davidsohn differential test

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30
Q

The most common procedure for the separation of mononuclear cells

A

Density gradient centrifugation

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31
Q

Theseparation of one substnce from theother

A

Dissociation

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32
Q

A fluid medium containing antibodies deliberately removed from thered cells

A

Eluate

33
Q

A ligand assay in which the label is an enzyme and the binding reagent ks an antibody

A

Enzyme immunoassay

34
Q

The point of dilution in a serologic reaction in which all the antigen and all the antibody are mutually involved in complexes

A

Equivalnce point

35
Q

A specific type of precipitation that occurs over a narrow range of antigen concentration; aggregation pf colloidal particles in a serplogic reaction

A

Flocculation

36
Q

A heteroplhil antibody that is stimulated by one antigen and reacts with unrelated surface antigen present on cells from dufferent mammalian species

A

Forssman antibody

37
Q

A substance which absorbs the Forssman and serum sickness antibody

A

Guinea pig kidney (GPK) antigen

38
Q

Flagellar ntigens of bacteria

A

H antigens

39
Q

The agglutination or clumping of rbcs by the antiseru

A

Hemagglutination

40
Q

Used inthe detection of antibodies involved in the blocking of agglutination of erythrocyrtes

A

Hemagglutination-inhibtion technique

41
Q

Ruptured rbcs

A

Hemolyzed

42
Q

A substance causing the agglutination of rbcs

A

Hemagglutinin

43
Q

An ab capable of causing the lysis or dissolutuon of red cells with the consequent release of Hb

A

Hemolysin

44
Q

The lysis of rbcs by specific antibody and serum complement

A

Hemolysis

45
Q

Inflammation of liver caused by a virus or other agent (eg drugs)

A

Hepatitis

46
Q

An ab produced in response to one Ntigen that will react with a second antigen genetically unrelated antigen

A

Heterophil antibody

47
Q

An antigen that is broadly distributed in nature

A

Heterophil antigen

48
Q

A virus that caused AIDS

A

Human immunodeficiency virus

49
Q

A soln which has a concentration greater than the system woth which it is compared

A

Hypertonic solution

50
Q

A process by which the activity of serum complement is nullified

A

Inactivation

51
Q

An acite infectious disease caused by Epstein-Barr virus characterized by fever caharcterized by fever, pharyngitis and lymphadenopathy. There is a moderate leukocytosis due to abnormal mononuclear cells

A

Infectious mononucleosis (IM)

52
Q

Outside the body; observable in a test tube

A

In-vitro

53
Q

Within the living body

A

In-vivo

54
Q

A molecule that combines with specific complementary configurations of the binding agent ( eg receptors, proteins, or antibody)

A

Ligand

55
Q

The creation of a stable preparTion of a biologic material by rapid freezing and dehydration of the frozen produc under high vacuum

A

Lyophilization

56
Q

An Ab which causes dissolution or lysis of cells

A

Lysin

57
Q

An Ag-Ab reaction in which the reactive effect of a particular Ag is nullified by a specific Ab

A

Neutralization

58
Q

The surface somatic Ag of bacteria

A

O Ag

59
Q

An Ab that attaches to a cellular or particular Ag rendering it susceptible to phagocytosis

A

Opsonin

60
Q

Hemagglutionation resulting from abs that are directed against ags absorbed to their rbc surface

A

Passive hemgglutination

61
Q

The liquid portion of unclotted blood

A

Plasma

62
Q

A weak or irregular ag-ab reaction occuring when a great excess of ag is exposed to a serum conataing a relatively low titer of ab

A

Postzone reaction

63
Q

An ag-ab reaction in which a soluble ag is caused to settle out by the action of specific ab (precipitin)

A

Precipitation

64
Q

A negative or weak reaction occurring when serum containing an extremely high titer of ab is exposed to a relativly small amoung of ag. The failure of a serologic reaction to occur in a high concentration of ab.

A

Prozone reaction

65
Q

The clumping of cells caused by agents other than abs.

A

Pseudoagglutination

66
Q

An atom with an unstable nucleus that spontaneously emits rediatin as it decays to a stable nucleus.

A

Radioisotope

67
Q

An ab-like substance produced by the body in response to certain types of tissue invasion and destruction. It is found in varying small amounts normally, but is usally increased in syphilis, malaria and certain other diseases.

A

Reagin

68
Q

A progressively higher dissolution of a substance arranged in a definite sequence or series.

A

Serial dilution

69
Q

A brance of biology which concerns itself with ags and abs and their relationships

A

Serology

70
Q

A condition wherein the cells are coated with incomplete (blocking or univalent) specific ab.

A

Sensitized

71
Q

Thedetection of a specific ab in the serum of an individual in whom the ab was previously undetectable

A

Seroconversion

72
Q

The fluid portion after the blood clots

A

Serum

73
Q

The special affinity between the ag and its corresponding ab

A

Specificity

74
Q

An assay in Which one of the reactants is bound to a surface

A

Solid radioimmunoassay

75
Q

An enzyme that dissolves clots by converting plasminogen to plasmin

A

Streptokinase

76
Q

A thymus derived lymphocyte responsible for cell-mediated hypersensitivity

A

T-lymphocyte (T-cell)

77
Q

An expression of the highest dilution of serum which gives a visible reaction

A

Titer

78
Q

The measurement of light transmitted through a suspension of particles

A

Turbidimetry

79
Q

The agglutination of rbcs by a virus

A

Viral hemagglutination

80
Q

An ab (or agglutinin) or hemagglutinin that is active at 37oC but not at 4oC

A

Warm agglutinin

81
Q

The reduction in electrical charge of a red cell when it is suspended in a high ionic strength colloidal medium ( albumin)

A

Zeta potential

SI (8 decks)

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