Glossary Flashcards
An antigen that is not genetically determined and is sometimes transient
Acquired antigen
The removal of antibodies from serum by the addition of red cells that possess the corresponding surface antigen
Absorption
Immunity that is generated by the actual production of antibody by the host in the presence of foreign antigen
Active immunity
Normal serum constituents that increase in the presence of infection, injury or trauma to the tissues
Acute phase proteins
A substance that can increase the specific antibody production to, or the degree of sensitization againts antigen by increasing the size or length of survival in the circulation. A substance (usually injected with an antigen) that improves the immune response, either humoral or cellular, to the antigen
Adjuvant
The attachment of one substance to the surfaceof another, in particular, the attachment of antibody to specific receptors on a cell surface
Adsorption
Collection into clamps of the cells or particles distributed in a fluid.
Agglutination
An antibody that is capable of causing agglutination with surface antigens
Agglutinin
An antigen agglutinated or clumped by an agglutinin
Agglutinogen
A system for activating complement beginning at C3 and do not involve a serologic reaction
Alternative complement pathway
A substance in the blood and the lymph serving as one of the active component on the process of cytolysis, the other components being the complement and the cells with antibodies. Anti-sheep red blood cell antibody that causes hemolysis of sheep red cells in the presence of complement.
Amboceptor
A globulin formed in response to exposure to an antigen. Also known as immunoglobulin
Antibody (Ab)
Any substance that oppose or counteract the action of a complement
Anticomplementary substance
Any substance which, when introduced into the body stimulates the formation of antibody
Antigen (Ag)
Union of antibody with its homologous antigen
Antigen-antibody complex
An autoantibody directed against a component of the nucleus, commonly found in systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE)
Antinuclear antibody (ANA)
A serum containing antibody
Antisera
An antibody produced against streptolysin O, a hemolysin produced by Group A streptococci.
Antistreptolysin O (ASO)
An antibody produced against “self” antigen
Autoantibody
A molecule that behaves as a “self” antigen
Autoantigen
A lymphocyte from the bursa of Fabricius or an immunoglobulin-forming cell
B-cell
A substance contained in beef erythrocytes, which is capable of absorbing the heterophil antibodies produced as a result of infectious mononucleosis (IM) and serum sickness.
Beef erythrocyte (BE) antigen
A protein, not normally present in human blood, appears in a wide variety of inflammatory conditions. It is characterized by their ability to react with the C-polysaccharide somatic substance of the pneumococci.
C-reactive protein
The majpr system of complement activation that involves all nine components of complement and is initiated by a serologic reaction
Classic component pathway
An agglutinin or hemagglutinin that is active at 4oC but not at 37oC
Cold agglutinin
A humoral mechanism of nonspecific immune response consisting of at least 14 components that proceed in a cascading sequence of activation resulting in cell lysis.
Complement
The fixation or binding of complement in a reaction with antigen and antibody
Complement fixation
Monitors day to day accurate performance of the lab tests/analyses
Control
A substance composed of extract from fresh beef hearts combined with lecithin and cholesterol
Cardiolipin antigen
A hemagglutination test that defines the characteristics of heterophil antibody by guinea pig and beef cell antigens
Davidsohn differential test
The most common procedure for the separation of mononuclear cells
Density gradient centrifugation
Theseparation of one substnce from theother
Dissociation
A fluid medium containing antibodies deliberately removed from thered cells
Eluate
A ligand assay in which the label is an enzyme and the binding reagent ks an antibody
Enzyme immunoassay
The point of dilution in a serologic reaction in which all the antigen and all the antibody are mutually involved in complexes
Equivalnce point
A specific type of precipitation that occurs over a narrow range of antigen concentration; aggregation pf colloidal particles in a serplogic reaction
Flocculation
A heteroplhil antibody that is stimulated by one antigen and reacts with unrelated surface antigen present on cells from dufferent mammalian species
Forssman antibody
A substance which absorbs the Forssman and serum sickness antibody
Guinea pig kidney (GPK) antigen
Flagellar ntigens of bacteria
H antigens
The agglutination or clumping of rbcs by the antiseru
Hemagglutination
Used inthe detection of antibodies involved in the blocking of agglutination of erythrocyrtes
Hemagglutination-inhibtion technique
Ruptured rbcs
Hemolyzed
A substance causing the agglutination of rbcs
Hemagglutinin
An ab capable of causing the lysis or dissolutuon of red cells with the consequent release of Hb
Hemolysin
The lysis of rbcs by specific antibody and serum complement
Hemolysis
Inflammation of liver caused by a virus or other agent (eg drugs)
Hepatitis
An ab produced in response to one Ntigen that will react with a second antigen genetically unrelated antigen
Heterophil antibody
An antigen that is broadly distributed in nature
Heterophil antigen
A virus that caused AIDS
Human immunodeficiency virus
A soln which has a concentration greater than the system woth which it is compared
Hypertonic solution
A process by which the activity of serum complement is nullified
Inactivation
An acite infectious disease caused by Epstein-Barr virus characterized by fever caharcterized by fever, pharyngitis and lymphadenopathy. There is a moderate leukocytosis due to abnormal mononuclear cells
Infectious mononucleosis (IM)
Outside the body; observable in a test tube
In-vitro
Within the living body
In-vivo
A molecule that combines with specific complementary configurations of the binding agent ( eg receptors, proteins, or antibody)
Ligand
The creation of a stable preparTion of a biologic material by rapid freezing and dehydration of the frozen produc under high vacuum
Lyophilization
An Ab which causes dissolution or lysis of cells
Lysin
An Ag-Ab reaction in which the reactive effect of a particular Ag is nullified by a specific Ab
Neutralization
The surface somatic Ag of bacteria
O Ag
An Ab that attaches to a cellular or particular Ag rendering it susceptible to phagocytosis
Opsonin
Hemagglutionation resulting from abs that are directed against ags absorbed to their rbc surface
Passive hemgglutination
The liquid portion of unclotted blood
Plasma
A weak or irregular ag-ab reaction occuring when a great excess of ag is exposed to a serum conataing a relatively low titer of ab
Postzone reaction
An ag-ab reaction in which a soluble ag is caused to settle out by the action of specific ab (precipitin)
Precipitation
A negative or weak reaction occurring when serum containing an extremely high titer of ab is exposed to a relativly small amoung of ag. The failure of a serologic reaction to occur in a high concentration of ab.
Prozone reaction
The clumping of cells caused by agents other than abs.
Pseudoagglutination
An atom with an unstable nucleus that spontaneously emits rediatin as it decays to a stable nucleus.
Radioisotope
An ab-like substance produced by the body in response to certain types of tissue invasion and destruction. It is found in varying small amounts normally, but is usally increased in syphilis, malaria and certain other diseases.
Reagin
A progressively higher dissolution of a substance arranged in a definite sequence or series.
Serial dilution
A brance of biology which concerns itself with ags and abs and their relationships
Serology
A condition wherein the cells are coated with incomplete (blocking or univalent) specific ab.
Sensitized
Thedetection of a specific ab in the serum of an individual in whom the ab was previously undetectable
Seroconversion
The fluid portion after the blood clots
Serum
The special affinity between the ag and its corresponding ab
Specificity
An assay in Which one of the reactants is bound to a surface
Solid radioimmunoassay
An enzyme that dissolves clots by converting plasminogen to plasmin
Streptokinase
A thymus derived lymphocyte responsible for cell-mediated hypersensitivity
T-lymphocyte (T-cell)
An expression of the highest dilution of serum which gives a visible reaction
Titer
The measurement of light transmitted through a suspension of particles
Turbidimetry
The agglutination of rbcs by a virus
Viral hemagglutination
An ab (or agglutinin) or hemagglutinin that is active at 37oC but not at 4oC
Warm agglutinin
The reduction in electrical charge of a red cell when it is suspended in a high ionic strength colloidal medium ( albumin)
Zeta potential
