Globalisation EQ3 Flashcards
Global wealth statistics
Richest 1% have 99% of the wealth in 2016
1 billion live on less than £1.25 a day
explosion in inequality- less absolute poverty more relative poverty.
How do we decide if measures are good?
Valid - relevant info
reliable- trustworthy data
What is development?
The ways in which a country progresses economically and improve quality of live. Includes economic, social and political indicators.
Income per capita
Average income of a group of people
Total income divided by population size
-ve misleading high figure if large amounts of high earners. hides inequality
Gross Domestic Product
Value given to output of goods + services within a countries border including foreign owned businesses.
Manipulated to include cost of living.
Given in US$
-ve difficult to include the value of the informal economy
Economic Sector Balance
measures the contribution of the four different economic sectors to a countries GDP.
-ve can make significant changes to GDP calculations
Gender Inequality Index
Composite indicator developed by UNDP.
Considers reproductive health, empowerment and labour force participation rates.
Human Development Index
Composite measure developed in 2010 by UN
economic criteria = GDP
social criteria = life expectancy and literacy
value given between 0 (bottom) and 1 (top)
Environmental performance index
Considers pollution outside and within peoples homes.
Ranked from 0-100
Kuznets Curve
Environmental Kuznets curve suggests economic development initially leads to a deterioration in the environment but eventually society improves their environmental sustainability.
Critics to Kuznets curve
Improvements only occur with targeted policies and when complies with economic growth.
Environmental losers
climate change and biodiversity
40% of earths terrestrial land lost to agriculture
East Africa and Asia = intensive cash cropping and cattle ranching causing habitat destruction
What is Gini co-efficent and Lorenz curve?
Measures the inequalities of income distribution within countries.
Lorenz curve is compared to the line of perfect equality giving a Gini Co-efficient curve.
A score of zero means perfect equality, Lorenz curve will be alongside the line of perfect equality.
+ve measures inequality rather than giving uniform data.
What has resulted in culturally mixed communities?
Open borders
Deregulation
Encouragement of foreign direct investment
What is a diaspora?
The dispersion of a group of people from their original homeland.
What is post-accession migration?
The flow of economic migrants after a country has joined the EU.
Historic UK migration
1945 Caribbeans pushed by poverty help rebuild industry after WW2
1940: Polish migrants form diasporas in London, refugees from war
Freedom of movement within EU encourage British diasporas in Mediterranean coastline.
2004 Opening of EU borders 1 million migrants from central and eastern Europe enter UK.
Polish diaspora in London
Contribute to local economy benefiting small shop keepers.
Blamed for crude birth rate, no places in primary schools in London.
British Diaspora in Mediterranean
British themed shops are common.
poor behaviour of youth puts strain on indigenous communities.
Gateshead Diaspora
Fastest growing Orthodox community in UK, doubling in ten years. Grows by 1,500 during term time from Jewish students.
+ve Rabbi invests in education of young children, established high quality Jewish school with A-level maths, biology and computer science.
-ve concern over crude birth rate (7 children per family)
antisocial behaviour during Purim festival
clash of views sexist and homophobic
TNCs contribution to culturally mixed communities
support open borders
rotate staff between international offices
recruit large numbers of skilled foreign worker e.g Indian computer programmers
Extremism in Europe
Rise of nationalist parties opposing immigration and multiculturalism. Results in targeted and marginalised ethnic groups
1993 murder of British teenager Stephen Lawrence in London as racially aggravated assault.
2014 25% of voters supported the French nationalist party
2011 France banned the Burqa