Globalisation + Crime Flashcards
According to Held + McGrew (2007) globalisation involves what process?
Deterriotorialisation
Means increasing No. of transnational companies across the globe
Faster communication, travel, technology has made national boarders irrelevant
World has become a single territory for legal/ illegal trade
What is the globalisation of crime?
An increasing interconnectedness of crime across national boarders
What does Castells (2010) argue that we now have as a result of globalisation?
Now have a global criminal economy
Worth estimated £1 Trillion per annum
How many organs are taken annually from executed criminals?
Estimated 2,000
What does Taylor (1997) argue that globalisation has led to a change in?
Led to change in the pattern + extent of crime
Gives free reign to market forces
Globalisation has created greater inequality + rising crime
Could be argued that globalisation has created white + blue collar crime
Define global corporate crime
Offences committed by or on behalf of large companies on an international scale
Give 5 reasons why crime stats include less white collar/ corporate crimes?
- Hard to detect: seen normal business practices, dealt internally, cover up
- Lack individual Vs: committed large scale
- Hard to investigate
- Lack awareness crime = occurred: committed over long period, small offences unnoticed until = sig
- If detected = lower levels of prosecutions/ convictions, negotiate terms
What type of theorist is Castells?
Neo-Marxist
What does Castells argue that globalisation has created?
Transnational network of organised crime
Operates in many countries + employs millions of workers
What are the 2 types of global criminal networks ID by Farr (2005)?
- Established Mafias: characterised around family, ethnicity/ local connections. Adapted + changed organisations + activities IOT profit from the new opportunities that globalisation has provided
- Newer organised crime groups: connected to one another through transnational organised crime e.g Colombian drug cartels
What term did Glenny (2009) use?
McMafia
Used to describe the way transnational organised crime mirrors the activities of legal transnational corporations
e.g McDonalds
= operate range worldwide businesses BUT provide same standards of products across all organisations
Operate with pure interest of making profit
How does Glenny (2009) argue that transnational corporations are similar to transnational organised crime corporations?
TCrO mirrors activities of legal TC
- operate worldwide but provide same standard of product
- Operate in interest of making a profit
- Adapts to changes in economy/ consumer markets
What country produces the most cocaine?
Colombia
Define the term ‘glocal system’
Crime = still locally based but with global connections
How do Lash + Urry (1978) argue that globalisation has disorganised capitalism?
How has this affected crime rates?
Businesses move around the world to where there are the least regulations + controls
Can get morel about for cheaper
Increases profit