Globalisation Flashcards
globalisation
-an ongoing process that involves interconnected changes in the economic, cultural, social and political sphere of society
-Increasing integration of these aspects between nations
what has globalisation created
-spread of ICT
-mass media influence
-cheap air travel
-easier movement in business
Held
-Globalisation has occurred due to greater interconnectedness of social life and relationships throughout the world
United nations development programme 1999
Globalisation has led to massive growth in certain crimes:
-drugs
-illegal trafficking
-terrorism
-war crime
benefits of globalisation
-international cooperation between police forces
-greater efforts to prevent money laundering
Castells
-Globalisation led to development of networks that cut across national boundaries/transnational
-Knowledge, people and goods can move quickly across boarders creating criminal networks
e.g. American mafia, Chinese trades
Misha Glenny: Russian Criminal Networks
-economic organisations formed for self interests
-Built up links with criminal in other parts of the world
Biggest global criminal business
-drugs trade
-trafficking women and children
-illegal arm trading
They harm victims, economies, politics and culture
Newburn
globalisation of crime has 3 key effects:
-reducing powers of the nation state, may occur in a different country so hard to get compensation
-new ways to commit crime, such as legislation in countries vary
-awareness of risk, cyber terrorism
Green crime
-air pollution, graffiti, emissions all contribute to global warming
-Dumping waste, illegal fishing, littering and trading wildlife
Emmons
an environmental crime is an unauthorised act or omission that violates the law
South
-argues that some actions are currently legal should be seen as crime
-Primary environmental crimes: legal but cause damage that comes under criminologists e.g. air and water pollution
Walters
genetically modified crops
-Profit in the UK despite the ecological harm and uncertainty that have been widely documented
-Radioactive waste into the sea
Taylor
-Argues that capitalism drives the globalisation of crime -Privatisation of states assets and increased marketisation both create conditions conducive to the growth of both transnational and local crime by working class
Hobbs and Dunningham
-Criminal organisations like the mafia are not as dominant as suggested
-global crime operates through glocal system where there is networks built by local connections
Example of Glocal crime
Dave Peters
-Ran shipping business and chain of clubs through Europe, he maintained contacts with his local town in England and lived in Spain
Thornton and Beckwith
Air pollution
-claims that 24,000 people die each year because of air pollution yet its not illegal
Walters
-Term eco-crime should be used rather than green crime
-should be seen as crime against nature rather than humans
White
More of an eco-centric approach that emphasises the interdependence of humans and the environment they live in
Beck
Risk Society
-economic growth in more affluent countries has meant the risk resulting from lack of resources and science and technology have allowed humans to overcome many risks
Evaluation of Beck
-Human activities have created new risks e.g. nuclear contamination
-Also more global awareness.
-makes generalisation about why green crime takes place
Sutton
-Points out that richer people can afford to live in parts of the world that are least effected from environmental damage
Hasley and White
-green crime is caused by the dominance of capitalist ideology
-economic growth is prioritised over the wellbeing
-They link environmental harm and corporate crime
Walters Example
-Biopiracy, companies take control of plants and animals preventing them from being used by bad people
-Capitalist corporations have been responsible for a big deal of green crime like BP Deepwater oil
