Ethnicity

Question 1

Official statistics

Answer 1

-Black population is 3.1% but higher proportion of stop and search 18%

-suggest police are biased and unfairly label people with unconscious racism.

Question 2

self report studies

Answer 2

-They still suggest that there is some bias with more white offenders but more black arrests
-black people are criminalised

Question 3

Policing

Answer 3

-Controversy between the relationship of the police and minority ethnic groups.

-Stephen Lawrence this case concludes the institution was racist

-Runnymede trust made progress with training and recruitment

Question 4

Reiner

Answer 4

Canteen culture
-white dominated police with macho values and racism
-more difficult for police officers now to demonstrate overt racism without being disciplined

Question 5

Stop and search statistics

Answer 5

-Black and Asian people are more likely to be stopped and searched

-less targeting by police in last few years, but stereotype and prejudice still exists

Demographic factor
-Disproportionate use of stop and search does contribute to criminalisation of minority ethnic communities

Question 6

Arrest statistics

Answer 6

-black people population is 3.1%, arrest are 8.3%

-Black people compared to white are more likely to remain silent and seek legal advice, deny the offence

Question 7

Sentencing and imprisonment statistics

Answer 7

-Ministry of justice 2011 stated black people are more likely to be given higher sentences for burglary than white

-In 2011 11% of prison population was black

-Conclude that racism plays are role in the CJS, but class factors also interact

Question 8

Left realism

Answer 8

Lea and Young
-argues that ethnic difference reflect real differences in the level of offending

-British society is racist and young black males are disadvantaged due to unemployment, deprivation, marginalisation and subcultures

Question 9

Media influence

Answer 9

-media influences on the consumerism that promotes relative deprivation

• experience cultural inclusion but economic exclusion
• However 90% of reports come from the public therefore black people do commit more crime

Question 10

Evaluation of the media

Answer 10

-lack relevance, black people are not more criminal than white

-underestimate impact of racism

-many white working class experience relative deprivation but not shown in crime rates

Question 11

Anti-racist perspective

Answer 11

Paul Gilroy

-Statistics don’t reflect reality

-racism and ethnic inequality create injustice

-Crime by black reflect political action in response to inequality and oppression

-Myth of black criminality- police stereotype

-Black crime motivated by culture of resistance not poverty

Question 12

Evaluation of Anti racist

Answer 12

Romanticising- ignores the harm that crime does to the victims

Question 13

Neo Marxism- scapegoating and black crime

Answer 13

Hall

-Moral panic over black muggers applied by police and media, inaccurate statistics

-Powerful groups use threats by their dominate to scapegoat young black men for being the source of political instability

-Justified aggressive policing
e.g Folk devils

Question 14

Evaluation of Neo marxism

Answer 14

-no effort to research the motives behind young black men
-Banking crisis, media concern over immigrants and asylum seekers