global systems and global governance

Question 1

poland to peterborough

Answer 1

-half a million people moved from poland to UK

home country=
+increased opportunties for females
-brain drain
-lack of male workers, gender imbalance

hose country=
+improved diversity
+hard work force, brain gain
-pressure on schools
-pressure on housing
-racism and xenophobia

Question 2

Qatar

Answer 2

-1.8 million total migrant workers involved in world cup projects
-1,800 migrants died
-£262 average monthly salary for a Nepalese working 70 hours a week

benefits of the world cup:
-tourism increased by 157%
-economic growth by $1.56 billion

Question 3

how much money does China invest into Africa

Answer 3

-$8.4 billion to Nigeria (oil, shell)
-$3billion to Cameroon

investemnts into infrastructure, oil, roads, railway

Question 4

what does China gain from investing into Africa

Answer 4

-cheaper labour force
-access to cheaper raw materials
-more countries dependent on china
-military bases
-increased knowledge of hosts markets

Question 5

how does africa benefit from Chinas investments

Answer 5

-increased local employment
-investments into infrastructure
-imporvements in interconnectedness
-access to machinery from china
-access to global markets

Question 6

what happened to Mozambique when it had to obey IMF and WTO rules

Answer 6

-not allowed to impose any export tariffs or taxes, forced to privatise
-crops and cashews were sold much easier to anyone= raw materials were all sold = processing plants in mozambique couldnt compete = industry shut down = 9000 jobs lost

Question 7

Shenzhen SEZ china

Answer 7

-1978 political reform = borders opened to trade = encouraged FDI and creation of tariff free zone and tax exemption
-1980 population grew from 30,000 to 18 mil iin 2022
-specialised in electronics, educated strong work force
-FDI of $10million in 2022

Question 8

what issues arose, may arise to Shenzhen SEZ

Answer 8

-Salaries are increasing, cost of living crisis is rising
-mechanisation and robots are replacing people
-out competed by cheaper
-shenzhen may offshore to LICs
-Market peculiarities - ankerbox didn’t succed in America

Question 9

Describe the union carbide factory and explosion in Bhopal India

Answer 9

-central India 1984 december 3rd
-chemical leak (MIC)
-Safety systems broken
-surrounded by Shanty town
-Union Carbide is an America Chemical company
-compensation was slow and incomplete $500 / person
-employed 9000 people

Question 10

why did America build the plant in Bhopal

Answer 10

-central location and access to transport infrastructure
-wider market access
-lower labour costs and environmental policies

Question 11

what were the impacts of the Bhopal chemical explosion

Answer 11

-suffocation, eye / respiratory issues, local hospitals overwhelmed
-around 20 thousand deaths
-3000 died on day 1
-1/2 million affected

Question 12

what are some facts about walmart

Answer 12

-founded in 1962 in Arkinsas USA
-has 2.1 million employers, 1.4 in USA
-operates in 28 different countries
-manufacturing is carried out where costs are lower e.g electronic in China
-expanding to NICs eg India

Question 13

what are some advantages of TNC walmart in home country

Answer 13

-one of the cheapest supermarkets in USA
-creates new jobs e.g expanded store in California created 80 jobs
-provides customers with wide range of goods
-has opened green stores that run on renewable energy

Question 14

what are the disadvantages of TNC walmart in home country

Answer 14

-loss of jobs due to purchasing products from foreign suppliers
-loss of local shops due to being outcompeted = placelessness
-poorly paid $12 per person or less
-accused of poor working conditions
-carbon emissions from food miles and transport

Question 15

what are the advantages of TNC walmart in host country

Answer 15

-offers skilled jobs in less developed countries e.g China
-more reliable wages
-invests in environmental friendly technologies and sustanable development
-jobs in construction and retail
-local companies and farmers supply good to walmart
-donated $2mil to west africa due to natural disasters

Question 16

what are some disadvantages of TNC walmart in host country

Answer 16

-poor working conditions
-suppliers have to accept low prices
-local companies suffer from competition
–most profits from walmart go back to USA

Question 17

describe the conditions of working for Nike TNC

Answer 17

1980s
employs 44000 people in 50 different countries
-INDONESIA
-$1.25 per day
-poor living conditions
-Nike scraps burned in Indonesia releasing toxins and carcinogens
-$12 billion was repatriated to USA
- in 2021 were 10,942.7 thousand tonnes of CO2 equivalents

Question 18

Coffee

Answer 18

-Brazil is the largest exporter of coffee (20% of world coffee)
-USA is the largest importer of coffee (20% of worlds coffee)
-25 million people and their families depend on growing coffee for their livelyhood
-farmers can get as little as 2% of retail price of coffee

Question 19

what are issues of coffee production

Answer 19

-market fluctuation
-climate change
-insects and pests (black twig borer
-climate change
-ethical consumerism
-disease e.g bacterial blight
-conflict

Question 20

Vietnam flooding coffee market and impacts

Answer 20

-1999 Vietnam exported over 450 million kg of coffee causing price of coffee to fall from $1.19/kg to $0.68/kg = many south american and african families malnourished and in poverty due to insufficient salaries and undercutting prices
-price of coffee fell by 50% for 30 years

=long term effect and widespread effects on whole communities and countries where coffee is a major export
child exploitation, poverty trap, conflict and civil war, less people in education

Question 21

how does fair trade work

Answer 21

-farmers are paid higher price (15%) for their coffee than market rate
-prices are fixed on long term basis with minimum amount = avoids market fluctuations
-a premium earmarked for community development is paid eg education and healthcare in columbia
-combines economic social and environmental standards

Question 22

pros and cons of fairtrade

Answer 22

pros:
-minimum wage paid to workers
-avoid market fluctuation
-no child labour
-premium paid too

-feel good factor increasing ethical consumption

cons
-costs $600 minimum each year to join
-no guarantee buyer
-can cause financial inequality - ethical consumerism affects farmers not in fairtrade
-higher costs for consumers