Global Population Futures Flashcards
What is ozone depletion caused by?
Halogenated chemicals such as chlorofluorocarbons which react with and destroy the ozone molecule (O3) in the cold of the polar stratosphere.
Where are chlorofluorocarbons domestically used for?
Refrigeration, insulation and spray can propellants.
When does ozone depletion most commonly occur?
In late winter and early spring.
Why is the ozone layer so important?
It utilises and filters out much of the incoming solar ultraviolet radiation especially the biologically more damaging, shorter wavelength UVR.
What are the effects of extended exposure to UV rays to humans?
Harmful impacts on human health include increased prevalence of skin cancers, cataract formation and other eye diseases, and an increase in infectious diseases due to a weakened immune system.
What are most skin cancers caused by?
Exposure to the sun.
How does skin cancer occur?
The ultraviolet light in sunlight damages DNA in the skin cell.
Since the 1970s how much has malignant melanoma increased by?
More than fivefold.
Who is most affected by skin cancers?
Elderly people in more affluent areas.
According to the Office for National Statistics, where are rates for malignant melanoma skin cancer highest?
South West and South East regions of England.
Which country has the highest rate of skin cancer globally?
Australia.
Which factors make Australia have the highest rate of skin cancer globally?
Predominantly light-skinned population.
Tropical latitudes with high levels of UV radiation.
Cultural emphasis on outdoor activities.
What statistic of Australians will be diagnosed with skin cancer by the age of 70?
Two out of three.
How many Australians die from skin cancer each year?
Around 2,000.
What percentage of all new cancers diagnosed in Australia each year does skin cancer account for?
80%.
