Global Health Organizations

Question 1

What is globalization?

Answer 1

The process of interaction and integration among people, companies, and governments worldwide. Globalization is primarily an economic process of interaction and integration that is associated with social and cultural aspects. However, disputes and international diplomacy are also large parts of the history of globalization, and of modern globalization. Economically, globalization involves goods, services, data, technology, and the economic resources of capital.

Question 2

What is anti-globalization/globalization criticism?

Answer 2

Participants base their criticisms on a number of related ideas. What is shared is that participants oppose large, multinational corporations having unregulated political power, exercised through trade agreements and deregulated financial markets. Specifically, corporations are accused of seeking to maximize profit at the expense of work safety conditions and standards, labour hiring and compensation standards, environmental conservation principles, and the integrity of national legislative authority, independence and sovereignty. Some commentators have variously characterized changes in the global economy as “turbo-capitalism.”

Question 3

What are concerns in how “global” global health is?

Answer 3

• The field isn’t being shaped by those most affected, most are from institutions based in the developed world.
• Even in American organizations, racial and ethnic minorities are frequently underrepresented
• Global health professionals and organizations have often worked closely with oppressive governments or supported military operations and occupation
• The ideology and conceptual models within global health blame those suffering from global health issues as the problem, whether from a cultural, and opponents of progress/science mindsets

Question 4

What are the four common perspectives on global health?

Answer 4

1. tropical public health
2. international health
3. globalization and health / political economy of health
4. planetary health / Gaia hypothesis

Question 5

What is tropical public health?

Answer 5

• was once the dominant perspective
• covers incidence, prevalence, clinical management, and control measures for diseases that are largely restricted to LMIC, especially rural areas of low-income countries: infectious and parasitic diseases, nutritional problems, overexposure to heavy metals
• overall covers health problems found in other countries that Western health professionals typically know little about
• prepares Westerns for work in LI settings related to clinical practice and implementation of control measures

Question 6

What is international health?

Answer 6

• focus on improving health and nutrition in LMIC
• this is the dominant perspective of WHO and the World Bank
• the perspective includes: focus on health problems responsible for a large proportion of mortality, morbidity, and disability on national and global level, comparison between country health statuses, work with national governments to develop interventions and policy that address their PH issues, track progress across LMIC, emphasize technical solutions based on global policies and guidelines, and overall improve health to help economic development

Question 7

What is globalization of health / political economy of health?

Answer 7

• social and economic factors, and disease transmission, cuts across LMIC and HIC
• preference for research, analysis, and programs addressing needs of all countries
• it is a social phenomenon which is influenced by historical processes and affected by global economic and social trends
• human rights are critical to attaining health objectives

Question 8

Explain the conceptual framework for globalization and health.

Answer 8

Question 9

What is planetary health?

Answer 9

• tries to bring together the world/human health and earth/biosphere health

World/Human Health: Understanding causes of disease burden in different countries, working with local governments to address them and documenting and responding to emerging disease trends affected by climate and environmental change

Earth/Biosphere Health: Acting to protect planetary ecosystems, health people adapt to environmental change

Question 10

Describe the flow of global health funding.

Answer 10

Question 11

What are donor organizations?

Answer 11

provide funding for health services or health research, but do not provide the services or carry out the research

Question 12

What are implementing organizations?

Answer 12

May provide some funding to local partners to assist with implementation. But the main source of their funding is another organization, we do not consider them to be a donor.

Question 13

What does multilateral mean?

Answer 13

• funds come from wide range of countries, or all countries
• funding provided to all eligible countries

Question 14

What does bilateral mean?

Answer 14

• funding comes from one national government
• funding provided to countries depending on foreign policy of donor country

Question 15

What are the types of donor organizations

Answer 15

• bilateral donor
• multilateral donor
• multilateral development bank
• philanthropic
• foundation

Question 16

Give examples of what count as donor organizations and what doesn’t

Answer 16

Question 17

Explain the role of WHO.

Answer 17

Question 18

Explain the role of UNICEF.

Answer 18

Question 19

Explain the role of the World Bank.

Answer 19

Question 20

Explain the role of USAID.

Answer 20