Global governance Political

Question 1

ECOSOC Strength Example - Water

Answer 1

200 million people have gained access to a safe water supply

Question 2

UNSC Strengh Example - Peacekeeping

Answer 2

Authorised more than 70 peacekeeping missions since its foundations
E.G Economic sanctions in iran and Military action in Libya

Question 3

UNSC Strength Example - Poverty Reduction

Answer 3

Extreme poverty has been reduced by half worldwide since MDGs were created in 2000

Question 4

UNSC Strength Example - UN Resolution 678 Kuwait

Answer 4

Following Hussein’s invasion of Kuwait, it authorised member states to deploy all necessary means to liberate Kuwait from Iraqi occupation.

Lead to Gulf War

Question 5

UNSC Strength Example - South Sudan

Answer 5

17,000 UN personnel are responsible for consolidating peace and security

Question 6

UNSC Strength Example - Ivory Coast

Answer 6

2004 - Sent 3000 troops
2012 - Sent 12000 troops

Question 7

UNSC Weakness Example - Resolutions ineffective

Answer 7

Resolution 751 (1992)

Established peacekeeping mission in Somalia

However, it failed due to: size of country, compelx internal rivalries and insufficient military deployments.

Forces were withdrawn in 1995

Question 8

UNSC Weakness Example - Veto

Answer 8

2020 China and Russia vetoed resolution aimed at providing humanitarian aid to war torn Syria

Question 9

UNSC Weakness Example - Ignored

Answer 9

Blair and Bush ignored urlings over their continued invasions of Iraq

Question 10

UNSC Veto details

Answer 10

Russia and China use the Veto most frequently

UK and France have not used the veto since the 1980s

Recently the USA has vetoed resolutions concerning the Israel-Palestine Conflict

Question 11

UNSC Weakness Example - Rwanda

Answer 11

Refused to send troops during Rwandan Genocide
-Due to deaths of some servicemen during conflict in Somalia in 1993

Question 12

NATO Strength Example - Adaptation

Answer 12

Dealt with numerous threats since Cold War
E.g Afghanistan after 9/11

Question 13

NATO Strength Example - Yugoslavia

Answer 13

1995 - Air campaign helped to end Bosnian War

1999 - Bombing campaigns may have stopped Kosovo Genocide

Question 14

NATO Strength Example - Operation Ocean Shield (OOS)

Answer 14

Between 2009-2016 OOS worked on combatting piracy in the Indian Ocean

Question 15

NATO Strength Example - Srebrenica

Answer 15

90s - Took military action against Bosnian Serbs follwing the Srebrenica Massacre

Question 16

NATO Strength & Weakness Example - Fee

Answer 16

2% of GDP paid in order to join

However: Only 20% of members pay the 2%

Question 17

NATO Weakness Example - Afghanistan

Answer 17

Complete Failure of an operation, now in control of Taliban

Question 18

NATO Weakness Example - Gaddafi

Answer 18

2011 NATO Overthrew Gaddafi in Libya, then failed to provide the necessary military commitment to rebuild Libya, allowing it to become a Haven for Crime

Question 19

UN Weakness Example - Syria & Ukraine

Answer 19

Powerless in intervening, inhibited by Veto

Question 20

UNGA Weakness Example - Free Democracy figure

Answer 20

> 50% aren’t free democracies

Question 21

UNGA Weakness Example - Resolutions

Answer 21

Non binding - symbolic value

Question 22

UNGA Weakness Example - Consensus

Answer 22

Equality of nation states entails consensus is hard to achieve

Question 23

ECOSOC Strength Example - SDG2 Reduce Hunger

Answer 23

Number of undernourished people has been halfed in 2 decades

Question 24

ECOSOC Strength Example - Poverty

Answer 24

From 1990, levels of poverty were halved by 2010 - 5 years before the deadline of 2015

Question 25

ECOSOC Strength Example - Committment to MDGs & SDGs

Answer 25

Commited to the 8 MDGs from 2000-15 Currently focusing on 17 SDGs from 2015-30.

Question 26

ECOSOC Strength Example - SDG4 Education

Answer 26

Worldwide number of children out of school reduced by half since 2000

Question 27

ECOSOC Strength Example - SDG1 Poverty

Answer 27

380 million backing Number of people living in extreme poverty has been reduced from 1.8 billion to 800 million

Question 28

ECOSOC Weakness Example - SDG1 Poverty

Answer 28

80% of the world's poor still live in Sub-Saharan African and South Asia

Question 29

ECOSOC Weakness Example - SDG7 Affordable and Clean Energy

Answer 29

By 2030 - 660 million people will still lack access to electricity and close to 2 billion people will still rely on polluting fuels and technologies for cooking

Question 30

ECOSOC Weakness Example - Saudi Arabia

Answer 30

Saudi Arabia has a highly controversial record on human rights However, it sits on the Human Rights Council because no other country competed for its seat

Question 31

ECOSOC Weakness Example - No plan

Answer 31

Helen Clark - headed UNDP from 2009-2017 said it had very little sense of strategic planning

Question 32

ECOSOC Weakness Example - WHO

Answer 32

Attemped to reach pandemic treaty. Each country give 20% of vaccines to WHO Have all countries agree to same terms. not viable gobally - different cultures E.g China boarding up houses during covid isn't viable in other places

Question 33

ECOSOC Weakness Example - SDG2 Reduce Hunger

Answer 33

795 million people remain chronically undernourished

Question 34

ECOSOC Weakness Example - Remit

Answer 34

Remit is vague and overlaps heavily with UNGA

Question 35

ICJ Strength Example - Temple

Answer 35

Cambodia and Thailand had disagreement over who got a temple, settled without either member losing face - Cambodia got the temple

Question 36

ICJ Strength Example - Albania & Corfu

Answer 36

Albania found guilty of planting explosives which caused damages in Corfu. Had to pay £844,000 as a repurcussion

Question 37

ICJ Weakness Example - Clause for Jurisdiction signing

Answer 37

74/193 Signed it Accepts in advance they'll be subject to ICJ jurisdiction

Question 38

ICJ Weakness Example - Russia

Answer 38

Ruled the Russian invasion of Ukraine was illegal and demanded that military operations be suspended, however Russia simply ignored this

Question 39

ICJ Weakness Example - Chagos Islands

Answer 39

2019 ICJ declared UK ownership of Chagos Island to be llegal, and that they should be return to Maritius. UNGA voted 116/6 that they should be returned UK has refused to comply, stating that they will only be returned when they are no longer required for defence purposes

Question 40

ICJ Weakness Example - Israel & Gaza

Answer 40

March 2024: Unanimously ordered that Israel must enable the unhindered flow of aid into Gaza in order to avert famine. Would be Legally binding, though there is a lack of means of enforcement Israel responded by saying that allegations that it is blocking aid are "wholly unfounded"

Question 41

G7 Strength Example - Corporation tax

Answer 41

Committed to a 15% corporation tax -Developing countries lose $160bn per year to MNCs dodging taxes 

Question 42

G7 Strength Example - Covid-19

Answer 42

Unanimously agreed to donate vaccines to poorer countries

Question 43

G7 Weakness Example - Decline in Influence

Answer 43

Being overtaken by other countries. E.g China is the world's second largest economy By 2100 the population of the G7 is predicted to be a mere 7.7% of the global total

Question 44

G7 Weakness Example - Trump

Answer 44

2019, Trump didn't turn up to meeting on climate issues

Question 45

G7 Weakness Example - Compliance Rate

Answer 45

67%

Question 46

G7 Weakness Example - % of world economy

Answer 46

1990 - 70% 2024 - 43% 2100 - 6.6%

Question 47

G20 Strength Example - Climate Change

Answer 47

2023 - States agree to triple renewable energy capacity globally by 2030

Question 48

G20 Weakness Example - Ukraine

Answer 48

G20 Changed its stance on Ukraine slightly, issuing no direct criticism of Russia whereas in 2022 it directly condemned them

Question 49

G20 Weakness Example - Bali Summit 2022

Answer 49

Communique only stated that "most members strongly condemned the war in Ukraine"

Question 50

G20 Strength Example - Biden + Xi

Answer 50

In 2022, Biden met with Xi and promised there would be no new Cold War between the two

Question 51

ICJ Strength Example - Judgements and Advisory Opinions

Answer 51

As of June 2024 - 197 Judgements / 28 advisory opinions