Global governance

Question 1

what is the UN

Answer 1

• set up in 1945 after the Second World War
• United Nations was the first post-war IGO to be established, with the overall aim to maintain international peace and security.

-It has a major role in global governance and
peacekeeping, with 193 global members.

-the UN acts as a form of global governance through its several organizations. These
organizations govern different issues on a global scale.

Question 2

what 6 organizations make up the UN

Answer 2

-General Assembly: All 193 members are part of the
general assembly,
making it an organization of
universal representation.
The aim of the general
assembly is to discuss and
debate issues of peace and
security.

-Security Council: consists
of 15 members,
5 permanent. Organization
solves threats to peace by having each member
vote. Can deliver economic
sanctions and other means to resolve issues.

-International Court of Justice: settles legal disputes and international
law breaks that are submitted by

-UNESCO Educational, Scientific and Cultural organization: aim is to
maintain peace through
education, science, and
culture as well as freedom of expression

-Peacekeeping: aims to bring peace to places
of disruption and post-conflict UN’s peacekeeping forces are sent into areas of instability, with the aim to restore stability and order.

Question 3

how the UN exacerbate inequalities

Answer 3

-UN has also been accused of creating inequalities through bias of countries,
especially those in conflict.

-The largest criticism comes from the UN being allegedly
biased against Israel in the Israeli-Palestinian
conflict.

-Between 2006 and 2016, the Human Rights
Council adopted 135 resolutions criticising
countries.

• 68 out of 135 of those resolutions
  targeted Israel.

-Between 2012 and 2015, the General Assembly adopted 97 resolutions. 83
out of 97 resolutions targeted Israel.

The amount of criticism that Israel face is said
to be too severe in relation to Israel’s crimes,
and that not enough attention is given to
Palestine.

Question 4

how the UN exacerbate injustices (6)

Answer 4

-UN Peacekeeping Forces have come
under major criticism for crimes against
vulnerable citizens.

-accused of sexual assault, human
trafficking, child prostitution, and murder
during multiple dispatches

• UN’s Kosovo
  Mission allegedly had many crimes involving
  peacekeeping forces, including 800 counts of
  sexual abuse, 70 of murder, and 100 of
  extortion/theft.
• UN, on several occasions, has been
  accused of being inactive in many cases
  where aid or intervention is desperately
  needed

-criticized for not
preventing the 1971 Bangladesh
Genocide.

-peacekeeping forces being inactive in
the DR of Congo (2014). Peacekeepers
allegedly failed to provide assistance in
Mavivi after attacks. Peacekeepers
are accused of failing to respond to
repeated calls for help during an attack
which killed 30 people. The
peacekeepers were only 9 km away but
arrived two days later

Question 5

how the UN Promoting Growth and Stability (6)

Answer 5

-The UN punishes
countries that do not abide by international
laws.

-For example, the UN has imposed several sanctions against Iran, some of the
toughest sanctions against the world, in order
to deter Iran’s use of nuclear enrichment and
reprocessing.

-promotes economic, social and
environmental growth through the creation of
international treaties and goals.

-The UN’s
Millennium Development Goals and
Sustainable Development Goals are prime
examples of UN declarations that promote
stability and growth.

• 1st MDG is to eradicate extreme poverty and hungry
• 2nd is to achieve universal primary education