Global / Environmental Health Flashcards

1
Q

environmental health

A

all physical, chemical, biological factors external to a person and all factors impacting behaviors

-encompasses the assessment and control of environmental factors that can affect health

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2
Q

six environmental objectives

A
  1. outdoor air
  2. surface and ground water
  3. toxins and hazardous waste
  4. homes and communities
  5. infrastructure and surveillance
  6. global environment
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3
Q

hazardous substances

A

probability that individuals will be adversely affected depends on 3 factors…
1. ability to cause harm to humans
2. whether it enters the body and reaches susceptible organs
3. amount that is present

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4
Q

exposure risk assessment

A

process used by policy makers and other regulators to evaluate the extent to which a population may suffer from environmental exposure

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5
Q

exposure risk steps

A
  1. hazard identification
  2. dose response assessment
  3. exposure assessment
  4. risk characterization
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6
Q

chemical exposure

A

-carbon monoxide
-metals
-pesticides
-lead
-cigarette smoke

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7
Q

biological agents

A

-bacteria
-viruses
-plant / animal contact
-toxic plants and fungi
-allergens

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8
Q

physical agents

A

-heat
-cold
-radiation
-noise
-vibration
-falls
-vehicle crash
-violence

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9
Q

environmental health history

A

amount of exposure to an environmental risk varies based on proximity

-time and location

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10
Q

older adults environmental health

A

-increased age
-chronic conditions
-increase risk environmental hazards
-higher burden of absorbed chemicals

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11
Q

environmental health nurses

A
  1. knowledge of role the environment plays on health
  2. assess health hazards and make referrals
  3. use of appropriate risk communication strategies
  4. understand policies and legislation related to environmental health
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12
Q

health definition

A

state of complete physical, mental, and social wellbeing and not merely the absence of disease or infirmity

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13
Q

global health

A

refers to the scope of the problem and not the location

-outcomes of these different systems
-impact on government and private institutions
-economic development

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14
Q

global health promotes

A

-civil society
-social and cultural growth
-economic, industrial, environmental development

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15
Q

global health measured…

A

life expectancy
-low income countries have lowest life expectancy
-life expectancy has increased by 30 years r/t advanced practices

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16
Q

nursing and global health

A

-provide care
-advocate
-educate patients
-develop population level interventions
-conduct research on how to best improve health for vulnerable populations

17
Q

global health nursing challenges

A
  1. practicing in diverse environments
  2. recognition of global learning
  3. understanding of : local, national, global communities
18
Q

global health challenges

A
  1. human rights
  2. ethical and moral dilemmas
  3. availability of healthcare providers
19
Q

multilateral organizations

A

work and funding comes from multiple governments
-WHO
-World Bank
-United Nation’s International Childrens fund

20
Q

bilateral organizations

A

represent a single government that donates aid to countries, directed toward developing countries
-US agency for international development
-CDC

21
Q

communicable diseases

A

TB
AIDS
Malaria

22
Q

noncommunicable diseases / violence

A

stroke
cancer
heart disease
DM
Chronic Respiratory Disease

23
Q

global health nutrition

A

-many children are underweight and have micronutrient deficiencies
-improved nutrition = stronger immune systems, decreased illness, longer life span

24
Q

low income nursing

A

-education
-food and water
-basic sanitation
-maternal child health
-prevention of endemic disease
-essential drugs
-appropriate treatment for diseases

25
Q

neglected diseases

A
  1. cholera
  2. shingella
  3. lymphatic filariasis
  4. leprosy
26
Q

emerging diseases

A

-flu
-ebola
-hepatitis C
-west nile
-SARS
-HIV / AIDS

27
Q

woman’s ability to survive pregnancy is indicative of society she lives in…

A

true, most deaths to women around the world are related to pregnancy and childbirth

28
Q

Pan American Health Organization

A

primary mission is to strength health systems at international and local level to improve health and living standards of Americas

-monitor spread of diseases
-childhood immunizations
-reduce infant mortality

29
Q

World Health Organization

A

provide technical support and health care services to member nations, emphasis on poorer countries

-leading effort to establish international standards for medications and vaccines
-immunization programs
-healthcare infrastructure
-improve sanitation

30
Q

united nations international children’s fund

A

concentrates efforts in maternal and child health
-primary prevention of communicable disease
-fresh water, safe food, health education for moms

31
Q

world bank

A

organization’s major aim is to lend money to lesser developed countries for improvement in education / health / agriculture / natural resource management