Global / Environmental Health Flashcards
environmental health
all physical, chemical, biological factors external to a person and all factors impacting behaviors
-encompasses the assessment and control of environmental factors that can affect health
six environmental objectives
- outdoor air
- surface and ground water
- toxins and hazardous waste
- homes and communities
- infrastructure and surveillance
- global environment
hazardous substances
probability that individuals will be adversely affected depends on 3 factors…
1. ability to cause harm to humans
2. whether it enters the body and reaches susceptible organs
3. amount that is present
exposure risk assessment
process used by policy makers and other regulators to evaluate the extent to which a population may suffer from environmental exposure
exposure risk steps
- hazard identification
- dose response assessment
- exposure assessment
- risk characterization
chemical exposure
-carbon monoxide
-metals
-pesticides
-lead
-cigarette smoke
biological agents
-bacteria
-viruses
-plant / animal contact
-toxic plants and fungi
-allergens
physical agents
-heat
-cold
-radiation
-noise
-vibration
-falls
-vehicle crash
-violence
environmental health history
amount of exposure to an environmental risk varies based on proximity
-time and location
older adults environmental health
-increased age
-chronic conditions
-increase risk environmental hazards
-higher burden of absorbed chemicals
environmental health nurses
- knowledge of role the environment plays on health
- assess health hazards and make referrals
- use of appropriate risk communication strategies
- understand policies and legislation related to environmental health
health definition
state of complete physical, mental, and social wellbeing and not merely the absence of disease or infirmity
global health
refers to the scope of the problem and not the location
-outcomes of these different systems
-impact on government and private institutions
-economic development
global health promotes
-civil society
-social and cultural growth
-economic, industrial, environmental development
global health measured…
life expectancy
-low income countries have lowest life expectancy
-life expectancy has increased by 30 years r/t advanced practices
nursing and global health
-provide care
-advocate
-educate patients
-develop population level interventions
-conduct research on how to best improve health for vulnerable populations
global health nursing challenges
- practicing in diverse environments
- recognition of global learning
- understanding of : local, national, global communities
global health challenges
- human rights
- ethical and moral dilemmas
- availability of healthcare providers
multilateral organizations
work and funding comes from multiple governments
-WHO
-World Bank
-United Nation’s International Childrens fund
bilateral organizations
represent a single government that donates aid to countries, directed toward developing countries
-US agency for international development
-CDC
communicable diseases
TB
AIDS
Malaria
noncommunicable diseases / violence
stroke
cancer
heart disease
DM
Chronic Respiratory Disease
global health nutrition
-many children are underweight and have micronutrient deficiencies
-improved nutrition = stronger immune systems, decreased illness, longer life span
low income nursing
-education
-food and water
-basic sanitation
-maternal child health
-prevention of endemic disease
-essential drugs
-appropriate treatment for diseases
neglected diseases
- cholera
- shingella
- lymphatic filariasis
- leprosy
emerging diseases
-flu
-ebola
-hepatitis C
-west nile
-SARS
-HIV / AIDS
woman’s ability to survive pregnancy is indicative of society she lives in…
true, most deaths to women around the world are related to pregnancy and childbirth
Pan American Health Organization
primary mission is to strength health systems at international and local level to improve health and living standards of Americas
-monitor spread of diseases
-childhood immunizations
-reduce infant mortality
World Health Organization
provide technical support and health care services to member nations, emphasis on poorer countries
-leading effort to establish international standards for medications and vaccines
-immunization programs
-healthcare infrastructure
-improve sanitation
united nations international children’s fund
concentrates efforts in maternal and child health
-primary prevention of communicable disease
-fresh water, safe food, health education for moms
world bank
organization’s major aim is to lend money to lesser developed countries for improvement in education / health / agriculture / natural resource management
