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Science 10 > Global Climate Unit? > Flashcards

Global Climate Unit? Flashcards

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Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q
  • Is the object or group of objects that are being studied within a boundary.
  • The surroundings are everything other than the system.
A

System

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2
Q

Allows energy and matter to be exchanged (ex. forest).

A

Open system

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3
Q

Allows only energy but no matter to be exchanged (ex. Earth).

A

Closed system

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4
Q

Neither matter nor energy can be exchanged (ex. The universe).

A

Isolated system

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5
Q

-Composed of all living things on Earth and physical environment that supports them.

A

Biosphere

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6
Q

The biosphere is made up of three interacting components:

A
  • Atmosphere
  • Lithosphere
  • Hydrosphere
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7
Q

Layer of gases that surround earth.

A

Atmosphere

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8
Q

Solid portion of earth, composed of rocks, minerals, and elements.

A

Lithosphere

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9
Q

All the water on earth.

A

Hydrosphere

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10
Q

Composed of a mixture of different gases that is commonly referred to as “air”.
78% Nitrogen
21% Oxygen
1% Other gases
- Also contains varying amounts of suspended particle matter called atmospheric dust.
- These particles may include non-living particles like door, or living particles, like pollen.

A

Atmosphere

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11
Q
  • It is the solid portion of earth
  • Home to many micro-organisms, plants, animals, and humans.
  • It i’d warmed by incoming energy from the sun.
A

Lithosphere

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12
Q
  • Accounts for all water on earth
  • Amount of water on earth always remains the same
  • It is warmed by incoming energy from the sun
A

Hydrosphere

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13
Q
  • All the energy on earth initially comes from the sun known as solar energy
  • A small amount of those incoming solar energy is converted to food energy through photosynthesis
  • Most of the incoming solar energy is converted to Thermal Energy
  • Thermal Energy = Heat Energy
A

The Sun

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14
Q

Earth maintains en energy balance and a temperature balance by radiating as much energy into space as it absorbs from the sun.

A

Earth’s Radiation Budget

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15
Q

The amount of solar energy absorbed differs in different _____ on earth.

A

Places

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16
Q

Warming of the Earth is influenced by..

A
  • The tilt of earth’s axis relative to the sun.
  • Earth’s revolution around the sun.
  • The shape of the Earth
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17
Q

The tilt of the Earth’s axis.

A

Angle of Inclination

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18
Q

The Earth’s tilted axis determines..

A

The length of day and night throughout the year at different latitudes.

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19
Q

At the __________, day and night are each 12 hours long throughout the year.

A

Equator

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20
Q

Higher latitudes have _________ summer days and ________ winter days.

A

longer, shorter

21
Q

Lower latitudes have _________ summer days and ________ winter nights.

A

shorter, longer

22
Q

The very high latitudes have the _________ summer days and ________ winter days.

A

longest, shortest

23
Q

Northern Hemisphere summer: Earth is tilted ______ the sun.

A

towards

24
Q

Northern Hemisphere winter: Earth is tilted ______ the sun.

A

away

25
Q

Seasons have unequal numbers of days because..

A

of Earth’s elliptical (oval) shape.

26
Q

Summer is longer than winter in the ___________ Hemisphere.

A

Northern

27
Q

Winter is longer than summer in the ___________ Hemisphere.

A

Southern

28
Q

Sun rays are spread out over a greater distance in the northern and southern hemisphere but ______ solar energy is absorbed.

A

less

29
Q

The amount of solar energy received by a region of Earth’s surface.

A

Insolation

30
Q

Insolation depends on..

A
  • Latitude
  • Characteristics of the lithosphere, atmosphere, and hydrosphere.
31
Q

The shape of the Earth affects ________ of heat.

A

Insolation

32
Q

The angle between a ray of light falling on surface of the earth and the line of perpendicular to that surface

A

Angle of Incidence

33
Q

Major geographical region with similar environmental conditions and life forms.

A

Biomes

34
Q

Sort ‘Biomes, Biosphere, Ecosystem, and Habitat from smallest to largest.

A

Habitat, Ecosystem, Biome, Biosphere.

35
Q

Biome = Open system because..

A
  • Forever receives energy from the sun.
  • Matter and some organisms can pass freely back and forth across its boundary.
36
Q

(Biome)
- Found in south of the ice-covered polar seas and is circumpolar in the northern hemisphere.
- Flat land, frozen soil, marshy in the summer.
- Long winters, short summers.
- Grasses are dominant and are resistant to dry cold climates.

A

Tundra

37
Q

The quantity of water that condenses and falls in the form of rain, snow, sheet, and hail.

A

Precipitation

38
Q

A measurement of water vapour in the air.

A

Humidity

39
Q

(Biome)
- Found across Canada, northern Europe, and Asia.
- Coniferous Forest
- Winters are long and cold

A

Taiga

40
Q

(Biome)
- Found in both northern hemisphere and in the south hemisphere at latitudes below 50 north or south.
- Temperatures range from below freezing in winter to 30C or more during the warmest days of summer.

A

Temperate Deciduous Forest

41
Q

The horizontal lines on Earth

A

Latitude

42
Q

(Biome)
- Found in almost every continent.
- Has a prolonged dry season when little or no rain falls.
- The soil is rich and fertile
- Grasses are the main producers.

A

Grassland

43
Q

(Biome)
- Located between 15 and 35 latitude in both the northern and southern hemisphere.
- The driest biome on Earth
- Supports limited plant life.

A

Desert

44
Q

(Biome)
- In regions along the equator, vast areas of land are covered with lush, green plant growth.
- Rain falls nearly every day
- The temperatures vary little from month to month.

A

Tropical Rain Forest

45
Q

After the land and water absorbs solar energy mechanisms of heat transfer can occur:

A
  1. Convection
  2. Conduction
  3. Radiation
46
Q
  • Energetic molecules from the land and water collide with molecules in the air (close to the surface) and transfer energy from Earth’s surface to the air.
A

Conduction

47
Q
  • As air circulates, it distributes heat.
  • Warm air rises (less dense), cooler air (more dense) descends and takes its place close to the ground.
A

Convection

48
Q
  • Water vapour, CO2, and other greenhouse gases absorb longer wavelengths (infrared radiation) emitted by the Earth.
A

Radiation

49
Q

The tilt and the curvature of the Earth affects the balance of..

A

Global heat.

Science 10 (5 decks)

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