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biology quiz 2 Flashcards

1
Q
  • “Particles are in constant, random motion”
  • Helps materials move across the cell membrane.
A

Brownian Motion

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2
Q

Difference in concentration between two areas.

A

Concentration Gradient

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3
Q

Molecules move from areas of high concentration to areas of low concentration

This is called…

A

moving down a concentration gradient

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4
Q

…help move materials across the cell membrane

A

Concentration Gradients

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5
Q

Occurs when molecules are evenly distributed on either side of the cell membrane.

A

Equilibrium

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6
Q

The overall (net) flow of molecules..

A

does not change.

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7
Q

The molecules (?do/do not?) stop moving after reaching equilibrium.

A

DO NOT

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8
Q

What are the 3 ways in which molecules will be transported across the cell membrane in order to reach equilibrium?

A
  1. Passive transport
  2. Active transport
  3. Endocytosis/Exocytosis
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9
Q

The movement across cell membranes WITHOUT the input of energy.

A

Passive transport

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10
Q

Three types of passive transport

A
  1. Diffusion
  2. Facilitated diffusion
  3. Osmosis
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11
Q

Is the overall (net) movement of particles from an area of high concentration to an area of low concentration

A

Diffusion

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12
Q

The particles move DOWN their concentration gradient to reach equilibrium

DOES NOT REQUIRE ENERGY

A

Diffusion

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13
Q

The use of transport proteins to help, or facilitate, the diffusion of particles across the cell membrane.

A

Facilitated Diffusion

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14
Q

Occurs DOWN a concentration gradient.
This is still passive transport so NO energy is required

A

Facilitated Diffusion

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15
Q

Facilitated diffusion is used for:

A

Molecules that are too big.
Charged Ions.

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16
Q

2 Types of transport proteins

A
  1. Carrier proteins
  2. Channel proteins
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17
Q

Used to transport molecules which are TOO BIG (ex. sugar)
They CHANGE SHAPE to allow certain molecules to cross the cell.

A

Carrier Protein

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18
Q

Used to transport CHARGED IONS.
Forms a TUNNEL-LIKE PORE in the membrane.
When the pores are open, they allow charged ions in and out of the cell.

A

Channel Proteins

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19
Q

The diffusion of WATER across the membrane.
Water moves from high to low
Water moves down its concentration gradient.
Does not require energy.

A

Osmosis

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20
Q

Solution with MORE WATER MOLECULES and LESS SOLUTE (PARTICLES)
a cell placed in the solution will SWELL

A

Hypotonic solution

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21
Q

Solution with LESS WATER MOLECULES and MORE SOLUTE (PARTICLES)
a cell placed in the solution will SHRINK

A

Hypertonic solution

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22
Q

When the concentration of solute outside the cell is the SAME as the concentration of solute inside the cell.
A cell placed in the solution will REMAIN THE SAME.

A

Isotonic solution

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23
Q

Allow the passage of some materials but not others.

A

Cell membranes

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24
Q

membrane properties
membranes can ______ according to each cells needs.
Therefore, membranes are fluid and flexible.
Called…

A

change, “Fluid-Mosaic Model”.

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25
Composed of a double layer of phospholipids. Proteins, lipids, and carbohydrates are embedded between the layers.
Membrane structure
26
each... has a head and a tail.
Phospholipid molecules
27
Hydrophilic
water loving
28
Hydrophobic
water fearing
29
Hydrophilic Makes up the ____ of the phospholipid. Dissolve easily in water.
head
30
Hydrophobic Makes up the ____ of the phospholipid. Water molecules repel, or push away the ____ end of the phospholipid.
Tail
31
Phospholipids arrange themselves into two layers called a...
Bilayer
32
The hydrophilic head faces..., towards the water.
outside
33
The hydrophobic tail is sandwiched ______ where it is shielded from water.
inside
34
2 membrane functions
Biological Barrier Selective filter
35
Prevents many substances from entering the cell that may harm the cell in a way.
Biological Barrier
36
Cell membranes must be able to allow some materials to cross while excluding others. Called being Semi-Permable
Selective filter
37
Semi-Permeability depends on..
Particle size Membrane proteins
38
Molecules that are small (like water and oxygen) can cross the membrane by slipping in between phospholipids.
Particle size
39
Proteins embedded in the cell membrane act like... into or out of the cell.
passage ways
40
They transport certain substances through the membrane.
Transport proteins
41
The cell membrane is..
semi-permeable allows water to pass through while excluding all other molecules.
42
In passive transport, where does the energy that allows the particles to move come from?
Brownian Motion
43
Factors that affect the rate of diffusion.
Temperature, size, concentration
44
Why the diffusion rate increases with temperature?
The concentration level depends in the temperature.
45
In what phase (solid, liquid, gas) does diffusion occur at the highest/lowest rate?
Solid is slowest and Gas is fastest
46
In facilitated passive transport, why is the size of the channel important?
The amount of ions passing through depends in how wide the channel is. Wider = more molecules
47
does the concentration gradient for the ion or molecule determine the net direction and rate of movement?
yes
48
is atp (a type of energy) required for a cell to do facilitated passive transport (diffusion)?
no energy is needed
49
The movement of particles from high to low concentration is called..
Diffusion
50
The order if particle movement from fastest to slowest is..
gas -> liquid -> solid
51
A channel protein might look like..
a tunnel
52
A shuttle (carrier) might look like
A lock and key
53
2 ways in which molecules will be transported across the cell membrane in order to reach equilibrium:
Passive Transport and Active Transport
54
Uses energy to transport molecules against their concentration gradients. Moves particles from low to high concentration. Like riding a bike uphill
Active transport
55
Cells use active transport for 2 reasons: plant cells... animal cells...
plant cells located in the roots take in minerals from the surrounding soil. animal cells remove waste.
56
Method of moving molecules into or out of the cell by active transport.
Endocytosis/Exocytosis
57
Membrane fold in and forms a pocket around the material to be transported. - requires energy to move particles against their concentration gradient.
Endocytosis
58
3 types of Endocytosis
Phagocytosis Pinocytosis Receptor-Mediated Endocytosis
59
-Means cells eating -Used by cells to ingest food or other solid materials.
Phagocytosis
60
-Means cells drinking -Used by cells to ingest droplets of water, or fluids.
Pinocytosis
61
-Receptors protrude from the membrane surface and detect specific compounds or cells in the environment. -When a receptor identifies an item for transport, the receptor binds to it and triggers endocytosis. -Used to take in molecules such as cholesterol and some hormones
Receptor-Mediated Endocytosis
62
-Allows materials stored in vesicles and vacuoles to exit the cell. -The vacuoles or vesicle fuses with the cell membrane and the stored contents are released. -Opposite of endocytosis -Requires energy to move substances against their concentration gradient.
Exocytosis
63
Semi-permeable membranes extend beyond their role in...
living cells
64
A variety of technological and medical applications also use types of transport across...
membranes

Science 10 (5 decks)

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