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BIOL 215 > Global Biodiversity > Flashcards

Global Biodiversity Flashcards

1
Q

5 causes of global biodiversity

A

evapotranspiration
spatial heterogeneity
geological history
complexity
stability

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2
Q

almost half of animal biomass is from ____

A

arthopods

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3
Q

biomass across different habitat order from largest to smallest

A

terrestrial, deep subsurface, marine

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4
Q

as we move from tropics to arctic, taxonomic diversity….

A

declines

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5
Q

when plotting marine fish species against latitude we see…

A

high number of fish species at equator with decline away from it.
-> equator has low productivity but coral reefs are present here (HIGH productivity!)

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6
Q

the number of ____ species is greatest at coral reefs, but drops slowly as it approaches _____

A

fish, higher latitudes

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7
Q

species richness is correlated to ____

A

latitude

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8
Q

global trends in species abundance

A
  1. taxonomy and body size
  2. aquatic vs terrestrial
  3. geographical correlates (latitude, depth, altitude)
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9
Q

orchids geographical correlates

A

each orchid has different # of insects that pollinate it
- lots in columbia and brazil

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10
Q

amphibian species richness is greatest in _____ USA and is correlated to trees because of the associated _____ abundance

A

southeast, insect

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11
Q

nematode species richness is ____ at shallow depths and intermediate depths

A

same

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12
Q

7 major explanations for trends in global species richness

A

primary productivity
competition
climate variability
spatial heterogeneity
environmental age
geological time

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13
Q

_____ ecosystems have more primary production than ____ ecosystems

A

terrestrial, marine

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14
Q

terrestrial primary productivity is largely due to…

A

a combination of temperature and rainfall

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15
Q

net mean primary productivity of ocean

A

0.125 c/m2/year

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16
Q

what has a higher total biomass: terrestrial or marine?

A

terrestrial

17
Q

what taxa has the greatest biomass?

A

plants

18
Q

why is terrestrial primary productivity so good at the equator?

A

temperature
-> rainfall (more species richness with precipitation)

19
Q

difference in productivity and species richness for marine

A

high productivty, low species richness
low productivity, high species richness

20
Q

difference in productivity and species richness for terrestrial

A

high productivity, high species richness
low productivity, low species richness

21
Q

why is it warmer in the tropics?

A

from uneven heating of earths surface during orbit
- consequence of angle sunlight hits

22
Q

competition theory for species richness

A
  • r selected species have broader niches, where k selected species have more narrow niches (tropical)
23
Q

_____ seasonal variation in the tropics means more opportunity year round specialization. this allows for ____ species richness.

A

less, greater

24
Q

which explanation for global species richness is the most important?

A

spatial heterogeneity theory

25
Q

spatial heterogeneity theory: few plant species leads to ___ predator species

A

few

26
Q

spatial heterogeneity theory: many plant species leads to ____ predator species

A

many

27
Q

spatial heterogeneity theory: looking at smaller and smaller scales ___ decrease diversity

A

does not

28
Q

Environmental age theory: Krakatau
a volcano exploded on this island in 1880, reducing it to it primary stage. plants species have since colonized the island. put in order those those with the greatest species richness on the island: species with bird, water and wind seed dispersal

A

wind disperal, bird dispersal, water dispersal

29
Q

most of BC was covered in the cordilleran ice sheet until 16 00 years ago. has BC’s environmental age peaked yet?

A

no

30
Q

increasing latitude ____ the amount of time it takes to reach peak _____

A

increases, environmental age

31
Q

species diversity importance depends on ____ and ____ scale

A

spatial, temporal

32
Q

amount of species on a continent is due to:

A

primary productivity, environmental age

33
Q

amount of species in a region is due to:

A

primary productivity, environmental age, spatial heterogeneity

34
Q

amount of species in a local community is due to:

A

competition, predation, spatial heterogeneity

35
Q

in the rivet hypothesis, you can lose rivets on a plane here and there and nothing bad will happen, but if you lose a bunch of rivets in one place the whole plane will go down. what does the plane represent?
what do the rivets represent?
what does the loss of a rivet represent?

A

ecosystem, species, extinction

36
Q

in the redundancy hypothesis, you can toss as many passengers out of a plane as you like, and the plane will not crash; however, if you toss the pilot out, the whole plane goes down.
what does the plane represent?
what do the passengers represent?
what does the pilot represent?
what does the tossing out represent?

A

ecosystem, domintant species, keystone species, extinction

BIOL 215 (10 decks)

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