Glaucoma: Introduction

Question 0

juxtacanalicular network

Answer 0

identify the normal site of greatest resistance to aqueous outflow

Question 1

a group of diseases that have in common a characteristic optic neuropathy with associated visual field loss for which elevated IOP is one of the primary risk factors

Answer 1

define glaucoma

Question 2

juxtacanalicular network

Answer 2

generally understood to be the site of pathology in primary glaucoma

Question 3

opitc disc, visual field

Answer 3

Of these three: optic disc, visual field, IOP, which two can be suspicious and still maintain a diagnosis of glaucoma suspect and not frank glaucoma?

Question 4

most frequent cause of nonreversible blindness in blacks

Answer 4

superlative statistic for glaucoma

Question 5

morning

Answer 5

time of day during which IOP TYPICALLY peaks

Question 6

age, race, decreased corneal thickness, increased IOP, family history

Answer 6

FIVE solid risk factors for POAG

Question 7

increased diurnal IOP variation, diabetes, myopia

Answer 7

THREE possible but not proven risk factors for POAG

Question 8

sex, hypertension, vascular disease

Answer 8

THREE controversial risk factors for POAG

Question 9

3.5

Answer 9

In the Baltimore Eye Survey, what was the relative prevalence of glaucoma among whites in their 8th decade versus whites in the 5th decade

Question 10

7.4

Answer 10

In the Baltimore Eye Survey, what was the relative prevalence of glaucoma among blacks in their 8th decade versus whites in the 5th decade

Question 11

increased disc size, thinner corneas, higher IOPs

Answer 11

three hypothesized reasons for increased prevalence of POAG among blacks

Question 12

more screening

Answer 12

what might confound a connection between diabetics and higher rates of POAG observed?

Question 13

Inuits

Answer 13

population with the highest incidence of PACG

Question 14

asians-whites-blacks

Answer 14

list these populations by risk of PACG: blacks, asians, whites (DASHES)

Question 15

3

Answer 15

relative risk of women having PACG

Question 16

age, race, gender, hyperopia, family history

Answer 16

four risk factors for PACG

Question 17

10%

Answer 17

prevalence of POAG among siblings of patients with glaucoma

Question 18

TIGR/MYOC

Answer 18

The first open-angle glaucoma gene, primarily associated with JOAG, but mutated in 3% of POAG cases

Question 19

TIGR/MYOC

Answer 19

gene that may be implicated in IOP response of certain individuals to steroid therapy

Question 20

GLC1A

Answer 20

TIGR/MYOC locus

Question 21

myocilin

Answer 21

TIGR/MYOC gene product

Question 22

GLC1B, GLC1E

Answer 22

two loci associated with normal tension glaucoma

Question 23

optineurin

Answer 23

GLC1E gene product

Question 24

GLC1C, GLC1D

Answer 24

two loci associated with POAG (high-pressure)

Question 25

GLC3A, GLC3B

Answer 25

two congenital glaucoma loci

Question 26

preperimetric glaucoma

Answer 26

new visual field testing modalities hope to catch this group of patients

Question 27

combined mechanism glaucoma

Answer 27

the major member of this group in glaucoma includes patients who have been successfully treated for PACG but continue to have elevated IOP

Question 28

1.86%

Answer 28

incidence of POAG among patients over the age of 40

Question 29

visual field < 20 degrees

Answer 29

the more common cutoff of legal blindness achieved by glaucoma sufferers

Question 30

Barbados Eye Study

Answer 30

this study documented the highest prevalence of glaucoma (7% in patients over 40) among its population

Question 31

Rotterdam Study

Answer 31

this study documented a meager prevalence of glaucoma (0.8% in patients over 40 years) among its population

Question 32

15

Answer 32

if you are over 40, your risk of blindness from glaucoma is increased by this proportion if you are black versus white

Question 33

age, African ancestry, visual field severity, cup-disc ratio, central corneal thickness

Answer 33

name the seven risk factors for glaucomatous progression identified in the OHTS

Question 34

false

Answer 34

TRUE or FALSE: hypertension is a risk factor for glaucomatous progression

Question 35

AGIS, OHTS

Answer 35

two studies that found T2DM to be protective in risk of progression of glaucomatous damage

Question 36

overnight

Answer 36

when does IOP peak for most patients

Question 37

age

Answer 37

the only PACG risk factor that parallels a POAG risk factor

Question 38

Finnish Twin Cohort Study

Answer 38

study that supports a genetic component for glaucoma

Question 39

tritanomaly

Answer 39

color vision change in glaucoma

Question 40

contrast sensitivity

Answer 40

though Snellen acuity is preserved until late, this may be lost early in glaucoma

Question 41

60-80%

Answer 41

POAG represents this percentage of adult glaucomas

Question 42

3x

Answer 42

relative risk of POAG with myopia

Question 43

access of vasocative amines to optic nerve head

Answer 43

theorized role of peripapillary atrophy in glaucoma