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Histology > Glands > Flashcards

Glands Flashcards

1
Q

How are the 2 main categories ided

A

According to the path of release of their secretions

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2
Q

Exocrine

A

Secrete into a system of ducts opening onto an epithelial surface

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3
Q

Endocrine glands

A

Release their product into the blood/lymph for transport to target tissues in another part of the body

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4
Q

Classification of exocrine

A

Unicellular
Multicellular - simple
Compound

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5
Q

Unicellular

A

Simplest In structure

Eg goblet cell of resp/ digestive tract

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6
Q

Goblet cell

A

Unicellular
Found in resp/digestive tract
Secretes mucin (a glycoprotein) which forms mucus on hydration
Don’t divide, terminally diff

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7
Q

Multicellular

A

Simplest form is epithelia where all/most cells are secretory eg surface epi of gastric mucosa

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8
Q

Simple multicellular glands

A

In branched duct system

May have branched secretory units

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9
Q

Compound multicellular gland

A

Larger gland
Branches duct system
More extensive secretory units

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10
Q

Simple types

A 
Tubular
Coiled tubular
Branches tubular
Acinar
Branches acinar
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11
Q

Compound

A

Branches tubular
Acinar
Tubuloacinar

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12
Q

Mucus v mucous

A

Mucus is n

Mucous is adj

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13
Q

Simple tubular gland

A

Straight tube open directly onto epithelial surface
Minimal unbranched duct
Eg gland of intestinal mucosa, large intestine

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14
Q

Simple coiled tubular

A

Coiled secretory unit simple cuboidal epi lining
Unbranched duct stratified cuboidal epi lining
Eg sweat glands of skin

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15
Q

Simple branches tubular gland

A

Terminal secretory portion divided
Unbranched duct
Eg mucus secreting glands of pyloric region of stomach

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16
Q

Simple acinar gland

A

Occur as small pockets in epithelial surfaces

Eg Mucus secreting glands of penile urethra

17
Q

Simple branched acinar

A

Several secretory acini empty into 1 unbranched duct
Eg sebaceous glands of skin
Eg if Holocrine secretion

18
Q

Compound branched tubular gland

A

Branches tubular secretory units
Branched ducts
Eg duodenum (Brunner’s glands)

19
Q

Compound acinar gland

A

Acinar secretory unit secrete into a branched duct system
Eg exocrine pancreas
Acini empty into minute duct at centre of acini cluster which empties into a branched excretory duct (simple cuboidal epi lined)

20
Q

Compound Tubuloacinar gland

A

Combo of both secretory unit types
Eg mixed salivary glands like mandibular
Tubular secretory portion produce serous secretion
Acinar demo lines produce mucus secretion

21
Q

Classify according to manner of discharge

A

Merocrine
Apocrine
Holocrine

22
Q

Merocrine glands

A

Aka eccrine
Exocytosis
Secretory contents released through fusion of ltding mem of secretory vesicle with the cell mem
Most common form

23
Q

Apocrine

A

Intact mem bound vesicles containing secretory product released
Uncommon, only applies to release of lipid secretions from mammary glands and some sweat glands

24
Q

Holocrine glands

A

Release of secretory cells as a whole with subsequent disintegration of cells causing release of secretory products
Mainly in sebaceous glands

25
Q

Describe due to type of secretion produced

A

Mucous
Serous
Sebaceous

26
Q

Mucous secreting

A

Viscous colloid fluid rich in glycoproteins (mucus, antiseptic enz, immunoglobulin, inorganic salt, pros eg lactoferrin)
Mucous glands are part of mucous mem in resp/dig/urogenital tract.
Mucus key for protection and lubrication

27
Q

Serous

A

Fluid rich in water and enz (protective or digestive enz) serous gland part of serous mem and production key for lubrication
Can make up part of distinct glands eg salivary

28
Q

What makes up salivary gland

A

Serous portion for lube
Digestive enz
Sometimes buffering capacity through high level bicarbonate in secretions

29
Q

Sebaceous

A

Oily, waxy sebum cont triglycerides, wax, squalene, free fatty acids
Found in the skin
Sebum helps waterproof skin & hair, has anti microbial properties

30
Q

Eg of sebaceous secretion

A

Meibomian glands of eye lids produce lipid cogent of tears (w/out they wouldn’t be able to adhere to cornea to form tear film)
Ear wax also composed of sebum and other things

31
Q

Where to find exocrine glands

A

Can form discrete glands, forming a definite mass appreciated grossly eg pancreas parotid liver
Can form diffuse glands through submucosa of the tissue eg poly stomatic sublingual salivary, sebaceous of the skin

32
Q

Endocrine glands

A

Ductless
Secretory products diffuse directly into the CT of intercellular spaces from which it enters the blood stream
Product always hormone

33
Q

Endocrine formation

A

Most develop in embryo from outgrowths/invagination a of epithelia lining cavities eg adrenal gland pituitary gland
Later lose their connections to the surface that they arose from

34
Q

How endocrine secrete

A

Intimate and dense network of capillaries around cords or follicles of endocrine cells
Each clump of cells is also surrounded by a BM indicating epi origin

35
Q

Follicular endocrine gland

A

Unusual as it stores hormone w/in spherical cavities enclosed by the cells of the gland
The cavities are called follicles and are found for eg in the thyroid

36
Q

Glands

A

Groups of cells specialised for secretion

Histology (10 decks)

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