glands 2

Question 1

what are the parotid glands and where are they found

Answer 1

side of the mouth and front of the ears. major salivary gland. only produce serum (serous acini have dark stain).

Question 2

what are the submandibular glands

Answer 2

glands which secrete both serum and mucous

Question 3

what are sublingual glands

Answer 3

only produce mucous all light stained acini

Question 4

stimulus of salivary glands

Answer 4

it is under neural control.
parasympathetic- produce lots of saliva and enzymes
sympathetic- small amount of thick salvia, lots of mucous. Why you get dry mouth when nervous.

Question 5

describe the liver blood supply

Answer 5

hepatic artery (provide o2) which come from heart and hepatic portal vein which comes from small intestine join together in the sinusoids of the liver

Question 6

structure of sunasoid vessels

Answer 6

incomplete basement membrane with lots of gaps so substances can get in and out

Question 7

shape of liver lobule

Answer 7

hexagonal shaped with bile caniculi running in opposite direction towards the bile duct to blood which is flowing into centre into the central hepatic vein.

Question 8

what is the portal triad

Answer 8

the 3 vessel, bile duct, hepatic vein and hepatic artery

Question 9

what are kupfer cells

Answer 9

macrophages of the liver. trap pathogens and forge in material. found in lining of sunasiod walls

Question 10

what are stellate (Ito) cells

Answer 10

cytoplasmic vacuoles containing vitimin A but in liver cirrhosis they lose their ability to store vitamin A and differentiate in myofibroblasts which deposit collagen causing liver fibrosis

Question 11

functions of the liver

Answer 11

1) storage- glycogen, iron and vitamins
2) anabolism e.g major plasma proteins such as albumin
3) catabolism such as drugs and hormone and haemoglobin
4) bile production
5) filters debris
6) modifies hormones for excretion or function

Question 12

features of a hepatocyte

Answer 12

lots of mitochondria, peroxisomes, ribosomes, RER, and Golgi deposits

Question 13

what is autocrine signalling

Answer 13

target sites of ligand on same cell. communicating with itself

Question 14

what is endocrine signalling

Answer 14

target sites for ligand on adjacent cells. communication with adjacent cells.

Question 15

intracrine signalling

Answer 15

signalling between organs. Travels in blood until reaches target cells. secretion in blood via endocrine gland