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Geography - Physical > Glaciation > Flashcards

Glaciation Flashcards

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1
Q

Niche glaciers

A
  • Very small
  • Occupy hollows
  • North-facing slopes
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2
Q

Piedmont glacier

A
  • Valley glacier extent
  • On lowland areas
  • Spread out and merge
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3
Q

Snowline

A
  • The point above which snow and ice cover the ground throughout the year
  • Snow and ice has survived summer melting
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4
Q

Aspect

A

The direction in which a slope faces

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5
Q

Negative balance

A

Ablation exceeds accumulation = more mass is lost than gained

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6
Q

Positive balance

A

Accumulation exceeds ablation = more mass is gained than lost

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7
Q

Feedback

A

Balance in a system between inputs and outputs, then the system is said to be in a state of dynamic equilibrium

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8
Q

Positive feedback

A

Where the effects of an action are multiplied by subsequent knock-on or secondary effects

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9
Q

Negative feedback

A

Where the effects of an action are nullified by its subsequent knock-on effects

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10
Q

Glacial budget

A

Net balance between accumulation and ablation within a glaciers system

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11
Q

Glacier

A

Mass of ice that flows down hill due to gravity

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12
Q

Valley glacier

A
  • Fill valleys

- Several KM long

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13
Q

Corrie glacier

A
  • Small glacier
  • Bowl shaped hollows
  • High up in mountains
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14
Q

Ice sheets

A

Domes of ice covering huge areas of land

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15
Q

Five types of glacier

A
  1. Valley
  2. Corrie
  3. Niche
  4. Piedmont
  5. Ice sheets
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16
Q

What can glaciers be classified as?

A
  • Morphology

- Thermal Regime

17
Q

Thermal Regime

A

How they move

  • Temperate glaciers
  • Polar glaciers
18
Q

Temperate glaciers

A
  • Occurs in areas with milder summers = melting
  • Meltwater acts as a lubricant = steep relief
  • Move by basal flow, extending/compressing flow, creep and surges
  • More likely to erode, transport and deposit material
19
Q

Polar glaciers

A
  • Occur in very cold areas = below 0 degrees so no meltwater occurs
  • Frozen to beds = move by internal flow
  • Less erosion, transportation and deposition
20
Q

Relationship between snowline, latitude and altitude

A

Higher the latitude, lower the snowline in elevation

21
Q

Glacier inputs

A
  • Snow
  • Ice
  • Water vapour
  • Rock debris
  • Geothermal heat
  • Gravity
22
Q

Glacier outputs

A
  • Water vapour
  • Meltwater
  • Glacial debris
  • Iceburgs
23
Q

Glacier stores

A
  • The glacier
24
Q

Glacier transfers

A
  • Ice flow
25
Q

Accumulation

A

Inputs = mass is gained

26
Q

Ablation

A

Outputs = mass is lost

27
Q

How snow becomes ice

A
  1. Snow initally falls as flakes which trap air
  2. Snow accumulates, lower layers are slowly compressed by the upper layers, turns into FIRN
  3. Melt-water seeps into gaps between snow particles + freezes, further compacting mass
  4. Further accumulation squeezes out air from lower layer, after time solid ice develops
  5. Ice forms which changes colour, blue = no ice present
  6. If mass of ice becomes large enough = glacier
28
Q

Mer de Glace, France

A
  • Retreating glacier
  • Longest glacier in the French Alps
  • Temperate glacier
29
Q

Hubbard Glacier, Alaska

A
  • Advancing glacier
  • 38 miles long
  • Temperate glacier
30
Q

Historical patterns of ice advance and retreat

A
  • Little ice age , 1644 = annual temp across the northern hemisphere declined by 0.6c
  • Medival warming period followed = period of warming began in the late 19th century
31
Q

Calving

A
  • Breaking off of ice from the snout
32
Q

Sublimation

A
  • The process of snow/ice changing into water vapour
33
Q

Desublimation

A
  • The process where water vapour changes directly into ice.
34
Q

Example of positive feedback

A
  • Arctic ice melts
  • Land and water exposed
  • Darker and duller surfaces = Lower albedo
  • More solar radiation absorbed
    = Surface warms = More arctic ice melts

Geography - Physical (30 decks)

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