GIT_Disorders_Flashcards

Question 1

Name the common gastrointestinal disorders.

Answer 1

Peptic ulcer, nausea and vomiting, constipation, hypomotility disorders, inflammatory bowel diseases.

Question 2

What are the regulators of gastric acid secretion?

Answer 2

Acetylcholine, histamine, gastrin.

Question 3

What protects the gastric mucosal defense?

Answer 3

Mucin layer, prostaglandin, and prostacyclin.

Question 4

What causes peptic ulcers?

Answer 4

Imbalance between mucosal defense and gastric acid secretion.

Question 5

Name three causes of decreased mucosal defense.

Answer 5

Chronic NSAID use, chronic H. pylori infection, stress.

Question 6

What condition increases gastric acid secretion (HCL)?

Answer 6

Zollinger-Ellison syndrome.

Question 7

What are common symptoms of peptic ulcers?

Answer 7

Recurrent abdominal pain, vomiting, loss of appetite, heartburn.

Question 8

Name complications of peptic ulcers.

Answer 8

Hemorrhage, perforation, obstruction, malignant transformation.

Question 9

Name the treatment strategies for peptic ulcers.

Answer 9

Acid suppressive therapy, mucosal protective therapy, antacids, H. pylori therapy.

Question 10

Examples of H2-receptor antagonists.

Answer 10

Cimetidine, ranitidine, famotidine.

Question 11

Examples of proton pump inhibitors (PPIs).

Answer 11

Omeprazole, lansoprazole, pantoprazole.

Question 12

Name a prostaglandin analog used in peptic ulcer.

Answer 12

Misoprostol.

Question 13

What combination is used for H. pylori therapy?

Answer 13

Two antibiotics and an acid-suppressive drug.

Question 14

What is the mechanism of vomiting classified by?

Answer 14

Based on the cause and pathways.

Question 15

Name drug classes used as antiemetics.

Answer 15

5-HT3 receptor antagonists, dopamine receptor antagonists, antihistamines, anticholinergics.

Question 16

Example of a 5-HT3 receptor antagonist.

Answer 16

Ondansetron.

Question 17

Example of a dopamine receptor antagonist.

Answer 17

Prochlorperazine.

Question 18

What antihistamine is safest in pregnancy?

Answer 18

Doxylamine.

Question 19

Define constipation.

Answer 19

Passage of hard feces less than 3 times a week.

Question 20

Name types of constipation.

Answer 20

Acute and chronic.

Question 21

Name non-pharmacological measures for constipation.

Answer 21

Fiber-rich diet, increased fluid intake, exercise.

Question 22

Name types of laxatives.

Answer 22

Bulk-forming, osmotic, stimulant, stool softeners.

Question 23

Name the two inflammatory bowel diseases.

Answer 23

Ulcerative colitis and Crohn’s disease.

Question 24

Name drugs used in IBD treatment.

Answer 24

Sulfasalazine, glucocorticoids, antibiotics.

Question 25

What is the mechanism of infliximab?

Answer 25

Antibody to TNF-α, a key mediator in Crohn’s disease.