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ASC273 > GIT anatomy > Flashcards

GIT anatomy Flashcards

1
Q

Name some monogastric animals

A

Cats, dogs, pigs, humans, chickens

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2
Q

Name some ruminants

A

cattle, sheep, giraffe, goats

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3
Q

Name some hind gut fermenters

A

horses, rabbits, elephant, ostrich

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4
Q

What are the 4 GIT functions?

A
  1. motility, 2. digestion, 3. secretion, 4. absorption
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5
Q

Characteristics of motility?

A

Mixing ingested material with secretions
Peristalsis
Rate of movement varies bwn feed/spp

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6
Q

Characteristics of digestion?

A

Breakdown into smaller molecules - mechanical/enzymatic

Aided by secretions

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7
Q

Characteristics of secretion?

A

Release of useful substances in GIT lumen

Secretions: enzymes, buffers, bile, lubrication, solvent

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8
Q

Characteristics of absorption?

A

nutrient uptake & use
uses specialised cells lining GIT lumen
passive or active

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9
Q

Pharynx?

A

Passage for food to oesophagus & air to larynx

Lined by mucous membrane

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10
Q

Oesophagus?

A

Continuation of pharynx

Passage of food

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11
Q

Regions of pharynx?

A

naso-, oro-, laryngo-pharynx

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12
Q

Difference in bird oesophagus?

A

Contains crop (in prey birds) for temp food storage

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13
Q

Monogastric stomach anatomy?

A

cardiac sphincter, rugae, stomach, pyloric sphincter

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14
Q

How does monogastric digest?

A

HCl secretions - parietal cells
pepsinogen - chief cells
some bacterial activity in oesophagus
Collectively: Glandular Digestion

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15
Q

What are the 3 stomach glands & their secretions?

A

Cardiac (mucus), pyloric (mucus & pepsinogen), fundic (mucus, HCl, pepsinogen)

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16
Q

Two stomachs in birds & functions?

A

proventriculus (adds enzymes) & ventriculus/gizzard (grinding, mixing, contains grit)

17
Q

Ruminent stomachs?

A

rumen, reticulum, omasum (forestomach), abomasum (stomach)

18
Q

Rumen & reticulum characteristics?

A

Fermentation, chew cud (ruminate), microbes & water (alkaline pH), anaerobic

19
Q

Omasum characteristics?

A

Small hard round, filled with muscular laminae (grinds roughage to reduce size, squeezes fluid out, absorbs H2O & FA’s)

20
Q

Abomasum characteristics?

A

true stomach, first glandular part of GIT, same function as monogastric stomach

21
Q

Small intestine characteristics?

A

Long, narrow, digesta moves thru quickly, mobile (attached by mesentery) Mucous layer covered in villi providing enormous surface area

22
Q

3 small intestine segments?

A

Duodenum (near pancreatic & bile ducts), jejunum (longest part), ileum

23
Q

3 large intestine segments?

A

Caecum, colon, rectum

24
Q

Caecum characteristics?

A

Large comma-shaped sac with ‘blind’ end. Appendix is on end in some species.

25
Q

Large colon characteristics?

A

Largest capacity in GIT. Folds into 4 regions (left, right, dorsal, ventral)

26
Q

Small colon characteristics?

A

Similar length to large colon, but smaller volume. narrow and more coiled. More free to move (can result in twisted gut)

27
Q

Differences in GIT volumes (stomach/small intestine/large intestine) hind-gut fermenters vs ruminants?

A

Horse: Stomach - 10L, SI - 30L, LI - 60L
Cow: Stomach - 70L, SI - 20L, LI - 10L

28
Q

2 types of rabbit faeces?

A
  1. hard round dark 2. caecotrope - softer & larger (essential for digestion of cellulose to soluble nutrients)
29
Q

What is coprophagy?

A

Ingestion of faeces

30
Q

What are the 4 accessory digestive organs?

A

Salivary glands, liver, pancreas, associated SI glands

31
Q

Salivary gland characteristics?

A

Major glands: parotid, mandibular, sublingual

Minor glands: labial, buccal, lingual, palatine

32
Q

Liver secretion characteristics?

A

Processing of absorbed nutrients, energy storage, bile secretion, breakdown of exhausted RBC’s.

33
Q

Bile secretion pathway?

A

Hepatic ducts + common cystic duct -> common bile duct -> duodenum (Horse has no gall bladder so secretes continuously)

34
Q

Pancreas secretion characteristics?

A

Near roof of abdomen (adjacent to duodenum)
2 functions: 1. exocrine (Na bicarb & digestive enzymes via ducts) 2. endocrine (secretes into blood without ducts (insulin, glucagon, somatostatin)

35
Q

Associated SI glands characteristics?

A

Brunner’s glands (duodenum - enzymes & mucus), Crypts of Lieberkuhn (between villi on SI - digestive enzymes), Peyer’s patches (submucosa of intestines (esp ileum) - immune function)

ASC273 (11 decks)

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