Gingival Diseases 1

Question 1

With plaque-induced gingivitis, ScRP will reduce the inflammation. Inflammation associated with ____, ____, _____, ____, _____, or _____ cannot be treated simply by removing plaque.

Answer 1

Bacteria
Virus
Fungus
Genetics
Systemics
Trauma

Question 2

Infective ____ and _____ are gingival lesions of specific bacterial origin that may or may not be accompanied by lesions elsewhere on the body.

Answer 2

gingivitis and stomatitis

Question 3

Which bacteria are commonly involved with infective gingivitis and stomatitis?

Answer 3

streptococci

mycobacterium chelonae

Question 4

What are the clinical manifestations of gingival lesions associated with bacterial origin?

Answer 4

fiery red painful ulcerations
asymptomatic chancres
mucous patches
atypical, non-ulcerated, highly inflamed gingivitis

Question 5

How are lesions of bacterial origin diagnosed?

Answer 5

biopsy

microbiologic examination

Question 6

What are two lesions of viral origin?

Answer 6

Herpes Simplex Virus Type 1 or 2
Varicella-zoster Virus
(Type 1 usually causes oral manifestations)

Question 7

What are the symptoms of Primary Herpetic Gingivostomatitis?

Answer 7

painful, severe gingivitis with redness
ulcerations with exudate
edema

Question 8

How does Primary Herpetic Gingivostomatitis manifest?

Answer 8

1. Incubation lasts one week
2. Vesicles form
3. Vesicles rupture
4. Vesicles coalesce and leave fibrin-coated ulcers
5. Healing within 10-14 days

Question 9

Herpes virus can stay latent in the _____ ganglion for years.

Answer 9

Trigeminal

Question 10

Primary Herpetic Gingivostomatitis is initially located _____. Recurrent HS is more ______.

Answer 10

Everywhere (when primary)

localized (when recurrent)

Question 11

Recurrent Herpetic infections such as _____ _____ effect the vermillion border and/or the skin adjacent to it.

Answer 11

herpes labialis

Question 12

What percentage of individuals have herpes labialis primary infection?

Answer 12

20-40%

Question 13

What factors will increase liklihood of recurrence of herpetic lesions?

Answer 13

trauma
uv light
fever
menstruation

Question 14

What is herpes zoster?

Answer 14

varicella (chicken pox) virus

oral manifestation = small UNILATERAL ulcers on the tongue, palate, and gingiva

Question 15

Where does herpes zoster virus go latent?

Answer 15

the dorsal root ganglion of the 2nd and 3rd branches of the trigeminal ganglion

Question 16

Candidosis, Linear Gingival Erythema, and Histoplasmosis are all gingival lesions of _______ origin.

Answer 16

Fungal

Question 17

True or False: There is oral carriage of C.albicans in 3-48% of healthy adults.

Answer 17

True

Question 18

C.albicans is associated with _____ lesions and is frequently isolated from the ______ flora of patients with severe periodontitis.

Answer 18

fungal lesions

subgingival flora

Question 19

Candidosis can be of which two forms?

Answer 19

Erythematous Candidosis
Pseudomembranous Candidosis
diagnose with culture and microscopic examination of smears

Question 20

What is the common treatment for fungal lesions?

Answer 20

chlorhexidine rinse or antifungal pill

Question 21

What is the manifestation of linear gingival erythema?

Answer 21

distinct linear erythematous band that is limited to the FREE GINGIVA; lack of bleeding; positive culture test for C.albicans

Question 22

Linear Gingival Erythema is not always associated with ____ but very often it is.

Answer 22

HIV

Question 23

______ is a rare granulomatous, fungal disease that is either of the Acute/Chronic Pulmonary or the Disseminated Form.

Answer 23

Histoplasmosis

Question 24

Histoplasmosis first appears as nodular or papillary lesions but later becomes the _____ type with pain.

Answer 24

ulcerative

Question 25

What is Hereditary Gingival Fibromatosis?

Answer 25

diffuse gingival enlargement that is characterized by thick tissue; it appears as a disease entity or part of a syndrome such as mental retardation; common problems include interference with eruption and “biting/chewing on enlarged gingiva”

Question 26

What is the possible mechanism behind Hereditary Gingival Fibromatosis?

Answer 26

TGF-beta1 favors the accumulation of ECM

May be a defect located on chromosome 2: “Son of Sevenless-1” gene

Question 27

What are the two types of allergic reactions common in the oral cavity and by which cells are they mediated?

Answer 27

Type1: mediated by IgE
TypeIV: mediated by T-cells

Question 28

Allergies to dental restorative material are which type of allergy?

Answer 28

type IV - contact allergy (mercury, nickel, gold, etc)

Question 29

Of the two allergy types seen in the oral cavity, which is immediate and which is delayed?

Answer 29

Immediate: Type I
Delayed: Type IV

Question 30

Traumatic lesions of the oral cavity can be of ____, ____, or _____ origin.

Answer 30

chemical
physical
thermal

Question 31

Incorrect use of caustics by the dentist, chlorhexidine-induced mucosal desquamation, or acetylsalicylic acid burn would cause _______ traumatic lesions.

Answer 31

chemical

Question 32

Poor brushing and flossing techniques, frictional keratosis, and gingival laceration would be ______ traumatic lesions.

Answer 32

physical

Question 33

Which traumatic lesion type is most commonly seen on the palatal and labial mucosa and could present as painful, erythematous, or vesicular?

Answer 33

Thermal Traumatic Injury (burns from hot beverages)

Question 34

What are foreign body reactions?

Answer 34

epithelial ulceration that allows entry of foreign material into connective tissue of the gingiva; detected via x-rays or discoloration (amalgam tattoos, toothpicks)