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1.1 RC: Recall + Thea Gilks Review Decks > Gilks Deck 3: AN, AUD, neuroanatomy etc. > Flashcards

Gilks Deck 3: AN, AUD, neuroanatomy etc. Flashcards

1
Q

what changes in vitals are seen in AN

A

bradycardia

hypotension

hypothermia

syncope

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2
Q

what metabolic disturbance is seen on labs in AN

A

hypokalemia alkalosis

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3
Q

what metabolic disturbance is seen on labs in BN

A

hypochloremic hypokalemia alkalosis

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4
Q

is the following elevated or low on blood work in AN:

sodium

A

low

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5
Q

is the following elevated or low on blood work in AN:

growth hormone

A

elevated

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6
Q

is the following elevated or low on blood work in AN:

estrogen

A

low

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7
Q

is the following elevated or low on blood work in AN:

magnesium

A

low

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8
Q

is the following elevated or low on blood work in AN:

cortisol

A

elevated

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9
Q

is the following elevated or low on blood work in AN:

TSH

A

elevated

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10
Q

is the following elevated or low on blood work in AN:

testosterone

A

low

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11
Q

is the following elevated or low on blood work in AN:

FSH, LH

A

low

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12
Q

is the following elevated or low on blood work in AN:

amylase

A

elevated

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13
Q

is the following elevated or low on blood work in AN:

betacarotene

A

elevated

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14
Q

is the following elevated or low on blood work in AN:

phosphate

A

low

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15
Q

is the following elevated or low on blood work in AN:

liver enzymes

A

elevated

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16
Q

is the following elevated or low on blood work in AN:

cholesterol

A

elevated

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17
Q

is the following elevated or low on blood work in AN:

zinc

A

low

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18
Q

is the following elevated or low on blood work in AN:

T3/T4

A

low

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19
Q

what dermatological signs are there of AN

A

hair loss

lanugo hair

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20
Q

what cardiac signs are there of AN

A

long Qtc

arrhythmia

heart failure

peripheral edema

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21
Q

what GI signs are there of AN

A

constipation

bloating

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22
Q

what GU signs are there of AN

A

amenorrhea

infertilify

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23
Q

what CNS signs are there of AN

A

brain atrophy

cognitive impairment

seizure

death

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24
Q

what is the mortality of AN

A

5-18%

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25
Q

what BMI is considered extreme AN in the DSM 5

A

under 15

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26
Q

what BMI is considered mild AN in the DSM 5

A

17-18.5

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27
Q

what BMI is considered moderate AN in the DSM 5

A

16-17

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28
Q

what BMI is considered severe in the DSM 5

A

15-16

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29
Q

list criteria to consider for hospital admission in AN

A

very low weight (less than 75% ideal body weight) or rapid weight loss

bradycardia below 40bpm

orthostatic changes (>20bpm or 20mmHg)

hypothermia

cardiac instability i.e QTc above 450ms, arrhythmia, ischemia, CHF

hypokalemia, hypomagnesemia, hypophosphatemia, elevated Cr

seizure or stupor

psych emergency i.e SI

acute food refusal, uncontrolled binge/purge, pregnancy

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30
Q

what lab abnormalities would you expect to see in chronic AUD

A
  1. increased prothrombin time
  2. elevated AST and ALT in 2:1 AST:ALT ratio
  3. elevated GGT
  4. elevated CDT
  5. anemia (from bone marrow suppression)
  6. macrocytosis
  7. electrolyte abnormality
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31
Q

what malignancies might you expect to see in patients with chronic AUD

A

breast, oropharynx, GI

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32
Q

what medical complications might you expect to see in chronic AUD

A

GERD

gastritis

esiphagitis

pancreatitis

liver cirrhosis

pneumonia

peripheral neuropathy

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33
Q

what psych complications might you expect in patients with chronic AUD

A

anxiety

depression

sleep disturbance

suicidality

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34
Q

what are the four areas that might be targeted for OCD neurosurgery

A

dorsal anterior cingulotomy

subcaudate tractotomy

limbic leukotomy

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35
Q

what four areas may be targeted by DBS for depression

A

subcallosal cingulate gyrus (most common)

ventral capsule/ventral striatum

nucleus accumbens

medial forebrain

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36
Q

in which part of the brain does Tourette’s originate

A

basal ganglia

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37
Q

damage to what part of the brain results in Kluver-Bucy syndrome

A

medial temporal lobes

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38
Q

OCD is associated with hyperactivity in what part of the brain

A

DLPFC

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39
Q

what part of the brain is important in the reward pathways associated with addiction

A

nucleus accumbens

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40
Q

what would you expect to see on neuroimaging in the following disorder:

OCD

A

small caudate bilaterally

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41
Q

what would you expect to see on neuroimaging in the following disorder:

ADHD

A

reduced total brain volume

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42
Q

what would you expect to see on neuroimaging in the following disorder:

parkinsons

A

occipital hypoperfusion on FDG-PET

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43
Q

what would you expect to see on neuroimaging in the following disorder:

LBD

A

generalized cortical atrophy with SPARING of the medial temporal lobe

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44
Q

what would you expect to see on neuroimaging in the following disorder:

alzheimer’s

A

tempoparietal hypoperfusion on PET

cortical atrophy

45
Q

what would you expect to see on neuroimaging in the following disorder:

depression

A

amygdala hyepractivity on fMRI

hippocampal atrophy

46
Q

what would you expect to see on neuroimaging in the following disorder:

PTSD

A

amygdala hyperactivity

(hippocampus and medial prefrontal cortex also affected but not sure how)

47
Q

what would you expect to see on neuroimaging in the following disorder:

schizophrenia

A

small hippocampus

decreased cortical volume/gray matter

enlarged ventricles

48
Q

what would you expect to see on neuroimaging in the following disorder:

tourettes

A

neuronal loss/degeneration in subthalamic nucleus

49
Q

what would you expect to see on neuroimaging in the following disorder:

wilson’s

A

hyperintensity in basal ganglia on MRI

50
Q

what would you expect to see on neuroimaging in the following disorder:

huntingtons

A

caudate atrophy

51
Q

what would you expect to see on neuroimaging in the following disorder:

chronic alcoholism

A

atrophy of mamillary bodies

52
Q

what would you expect to see on neuroimaging in the following disorder:

ASPD

A

prefrontal cortex hypoactivity

53
Q

the following pattern on neuroimaging may suggest what disorder:

small caudate bilaterally

A

OCD

54
Q

the following pattern on neuroimaging may suggest what disorder:

neuronal loss/degeneration in the subthalamic nucleus

A

tourettes

55
Q

the following pattern on neuroimaging may suggest what disorder:

amygdala hyperactivity

A

either depression or PTSD

56
Q

the following pattern on neuroimaging may suggest what disorder:

amygdala hyperactivity + hippocampal atrophy

A

depression

57
Q

the following pattern on neuroimaging may suggest what disorder:

generalized cortical atrophy with sparing of medial temporal lobes

A

LBD

58
Q

the following pattern on neuroimaging may suggest what disorder:

reduced total brain volume

A

ADHD

59
Q

the following pattern on neuroimaging may suggest what disorder:

occipital hypoperfusion on FDG-PET

A

parkinsons

60
Q

the following pattern on neuroimaging may suggest what disorder:

small hippocampus, decreased cortical volume/gray matter, enlarged ventricles

A

schizophrenia

61
Q

the following pattern on neuroimaging may suggest what disorder:

prefrontal cortex hypoactivity

A

ASPD

62
Q

the following pattern on neuroimaging may suggest what disorder:

caudate atrophy

A

huntingtons

63
Q

the following pattern on neuroimaging may suggest what disorder:

atrophy of mamillary bodies

A

AUD

64
Q

the following pattern on neuroimaging may suggest what disorder:

hyperintensity in basal ganglia on MRI

A

wilsons

65
Q

list the cortical areas of the limbic system

A

cingulate cortex

orbitofrontal cortex

entorhinal cortex

hippocampus

fornix

66
Q

list the subcortical areas of the limbic system

A

amygdala

67
Q

list the diencephalic structures of the limbic system

A

hypothalamus

septal nuclei

mammillary bodies

anterior nuclei of the thalamus

68
Q

what is the function of the following limbic system structure:

cingulate cortex

A

connects various structures via the cingulum, a nerve tract projecting from the cingulate gyrus to the entorhinal cortex

69
Q

what is the function of the following limbic system structure:

orbitofrontal cortex

A

decision making

executive function

social cues

70
Q

what is the function of the following limbic system structure:

entorhinal cortex

A

memory and associative components

71
Q

what is the function of the following limbic system structure:

hippocampus

A

consolidation of new memories

72
Q

what is the function of the following limbic system structure:

fornix

A

connects the hippocampus with the mammillary bodies and septal nuclei

73
Q

what is the function of the following limbic system structure:

amygdala

A

emotional processing

74
Q

what is the function of the following limbic system structure:

hypothalamus

A

CENTER OF THE LIMBIC SYSTEM

coordinates circadian rhythms, neuroendocrine outputs, homeostatic mechanisms, autonomic functions and some behaviours

controls the anterior pituitary via releasing hormones

contains many nuclei i.e SCN

75
Q

what is the function of the following limbic system structure:

septal nuclei

A

pleasure

76
Q

what is the function of the following limbic system structure:

mammillary bodies

A

part of the hypothalamis that receives signals from the hippocampus via the fornix and projects them to the thalamus

77
Q

what is the function of the following limbic system structure:

anterior nuclei of the thalamus

A

memory processing

78
Q

what are the overall functions of the basal ganglia

A

control of voluntary movement

procedural learning

habit learning

eye movements

cognition

emotion

79
Q

list the components of the basal ganglia

A

striatum (dorsal and ventral)

globus pallidus

ventral pallidum

substantia nigra

subthalamic nucleus

80
Q

what are two targets for DBS for parkinsons

A

subthalamic nucleus and/or globus pallidus

81
Q

where would you find the highest concentration of dopamine receptors in the brain

A

in the caudate nucleus

82
Q

what are the two parts of the dorsal striatum

A

caudate nucleus and putamen

83
Q

what are the two parts of the ventral striatum

A

nucleus accumbens and olfactory tubercle

84
Q

what part of the brain mediates cravings and the reward pathway

A

ventral tegmental area

85
Q

which neurotransmitters are catecholamines

A

dopamine

norepinephrine

epinephrnie

86
Q

which are the monoamine neurotransmitters

A

the catecholamines + serotonin + histamine

87
Q

which are the biogenic amine neurotransmitters

A

acetylcholine

88
Q

which neurotransmitters are amino acids

A

glutamate

GABA

89
Q

where, and from what, is serotonin synthesized

A

raphe nucleus

from tryptophan

90
Q

what is melatonin made from

A

is a metabolite of serotonin

91
Q

how do SSRIs decreased platelet aggregation

A

by inhibiting the 5-HT transporter and depleting serotonin within the platelet

92
Q

which serotonin receptor is associated with mood and anxiety

A

5HT1A

93
Q

which serotonin receptor is associated with weight gain

A

5HT2C

94
Q

which serotonin receptor is associated with nausea

A

5HT3A

95
Q

which serotonin receptor is associated with anxiety, insomnia, sexual dysfunction, akathesia

A

5HT2A

96
Q

what is dopamine made from

A

tyrosine

97
Q

what type of receptors are dopamine receptors

A

G protein coupled

98
Q

where, and from what, is norepinephrine synthesized

A

in locus ceruleus

from dopamine

99
Q

what happens if you severe the locus ceruleus in rats

A

more aggression

100
Q

what is the major inhibitory amino acid

A

GABA

101
Q

what is the major excitatory amino acid

A

glutamate

102
Q

what neurotransmitter is associated with the following drug:

hallucinogens

A

serotonin

103
Q

what neurotransmitter is associated with the following drug:

sedatives

A

GABA

104
Q

what neurotransmitter is associated with the following drug:

opiate WITHDRAWAL

A

norepinephrine

105
Q

what neurotransmitter is associated with the following drug:

stimulants

A

dopamine

norepinephrine

106
Q

what neurotransmitter is associated with the following drug:

MDMA

A

serotonin

107
Q

what neurotransmitter is associated with the following drug:

dissociatives

A

NMDA

glutamate

108
Q

what neurotransmitter is associated with the following drug:

inhalants

A

NMDA

glutamate

1.1 RC: Recall + Thea Gilks Review Decks (13 decks)

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