Gilks Deck 1: some defenses + old guys/theories etc Flashcards
who was Eugen Bleuler
coined term “schizophrenia”
came up with the “4 As”:
blunted Affect
loosening of Associations
Ambivalence
Autism
who was Emil Kraeplin
coined term “dementia praecox”
who was Adolph Meyer
“ergasiology”
why was schizophrenia called “dementia praecox”
the disorder we know today as schizophrenia was originally called dementia praecox, or early dementia, by Kraepelin (1883), who believed that the brains of individuals who developed schizophrenia had begun to deteriorate prematurely.
who was Anna Freud
daughter of Sigmund
came up with defenses and ego psychology
who was Ronald Fairbairn
object relations
who was Melanie Klein
came up with OBJECT RELATIONS theory–> interested in child development
came up with the “paranoid-schizoid” stance
rival of Anna Freud
what is object relations theory
theory of psychoanalysis
based on assumption that all individuals have within them an INTERNALIZED and primarily UNCONSCIOUS realm of RELATIONSHIPS
these relationships refer not only to the world around the individual but more specifically to the other individuals surrounding the subject
focuses primarily on the INTERACTION people have with others and how those interactions are internalized and how these now internalized object relations affect ones psychological framework
who was Otto Kemberg
contributed to object relations theory
developed “TRANSFERENCE FOCUSED psychotherapy” specifically for BORDERLINE patients
had a feud with Cohut about narcisism and borderline personalities –> Kemberg’s narcisisst is more consistent with DSM5 description (“thick skinned” narcissist)
who was Heinz Kohut
founder of SELF-PSYCHOLOGY
wrote about empathy and courage
special interest in narcissism–> his version was the “thin skinned” narcissist
developed concepts of “MIRROR TRANSFERENCE”
what is “mirror transference”
the remobilization of the grandiose self
its expression in “I am perfect and I need you in order to confirm it”
can result in feelings of boredom, tension and impatience in the analyst, whose otherness is not recognized
–> counter transference is thus a sign of it
describe the “thick skinned” narcissist
Kemberg’s model
“oblivious, entitled, attention seeking, exploitative”–> more consistent with DSM5
describe the “thin skinned narcissist”
Kohut’s model
“hypervigilant, sensitive to slights, envious of others and needy–‘I should be great but i’m coming up short’”
who was Pierre Janet
automatisms
who was Wilfred Bion
container/contained
alpha and beta functions allow mother to digest information/emotions for baby
who was Donald Winnicott
the “GOOD ENOUGH” MOTHER creates a “holding environment” where child can feel omnipotent, allowing him to be curious and playful
emphasis on PLAY
true self and false self–> what you present to the world
TRANSITIONAL OBJECTS
who was John Bowlby
influenced by Winnicott
also primarily interested in development
had idea that “children are responding to real life events and not unconscious fantasies”
focused on MOTHER-CHILD ATTACHMENT as being essential medium for human interaction–> implications for later relationships and personality functioning
ATTACHMENT BEHAVIOURS promote proximity to desired person–> human infants are monotropic and tend to attach to one person
who was Carl Rogers
unconditional positive regard
what is unconditional positive regard
the basic acceptance and support of a person regardless of what the person says or does, especially in the context of client-centred therapy
“Rogers believed that unconditional positive regard is essential for healthy development and tried to establish it as a therapeutic component. Through providing unconditional positive regard, humanistic therapists seek to help their clients accept and take responsibility for themselves. Humanistic psychologists believe that by showing the client unconditional positive regard and acceptance, the therapist is providing the best possible conditions for personal growth to the client.”
who was Mary Ainsworth
developed the Strange Situation experiment
who was B. F. Skinner
operant conditioning
who was George Engel
coined term “biopsychosocial”
who was Gregory Bateson
double bind theory of schizophrenia
what is the double bind theory of schizophrenia
Bateson et al. (1956) proposed that schizophrenic symptoms are an expression of social interactions in which the individual is repeatedly exposed to conflicting injunctions, without having the opportunity to adequately respond to those injunctions, or to ignore them (i.e., to escape the field). For example, if a mother tells her son that she loves him, while at the same time turning her head away in disgust, the child receives two conflicting messages about their relationship on different communicative levels, one of affection on the verbal level, and one of animosity on the nonverbal level. It is argued that the child’s ability to respond to the mother is incapacitated by such contradictions across communicative levels, because one message invalidates the other. Because of the child’s vital dependence on the mother, Bateson et al. argue that the child is also not able to comment on the fact that a contradiction has occurred, i.e., the child is unable to metacommunicate (Bateson et al., 1956).
The symptomatology of schizophrenia, it is argued, reflects the accommodation of the individual to a prolonged exposure to such interactions. Once ‘victims’ have learned to perceive their universe in terms of contradictory environmental input, the inability to respond effectively to stimuli from the environment is no longer contingent on the extent to which stimuli from the environment are contradictory in specific interactive sequences. Instead, the individual will generally experience any input from the environment as conflicting information without being able to discriminate between different communicative levels. In the long run, this inability manifests itself as typically schizophrenic symptoms such as flattened affect, delusions and hallucinations, and incoherent thinking and speaking (Bateson et al., 1956).
who was Margaret Mahler
stages of separation-individuation
how young children acquire sense of identity and separateness from mother (normal autism, normal symbiosis, differentiation, practicing, rapprochement, object constancy)
who was Malan
brief psychodynamic therapy focused on “impulse, anxiety, defense”
who was Elizabeth Kubler Ross
5 stages of grief
what are the 5 stages of grief
DABDA
Denial
Anger
Bargaining
Depression
Acceptance
who developed the idea of mirror transferrence
Heinz Kohut
who came up with object relations theory
Melanie Klein
who came up with the idea of the “good enough mother” creating a “holding environment”
winnicott
who is associated with the idea of automatisms
Pierre Janet
who focused on mother-child attachment as being central to development
John Bowlby
who is associated with defenses and ego psychology
Anna Freud
who coined the term dementia praecox
Emil Kraeplin
who coined the term schizophrenia
Eugen Bleuler