gilded age + industrialization

Question 1

compromise of 1877 other names

Answer 1

• wormley agreement
• corrupt bargain of 1877

Question 2

campaign margins

Answer 2

dems won 2 elections (cleveland 2x) but controlled FoR for 8/10elections

republicans controlled presidency, in harrison’s term controlled presidency + congress

Question 3

temperance & prohibition

Answer 3

rooted in america’s protestant church
- urged moderation, resisting temptation of drinking, & eventually demanding alcohol be restricted on all levels

Question 4

dem voter base

Answer 4

• city political machines & immigrants
• jews, catholics, & lutherans objects to temperance & prohibition
• confederate states

Question 5

repub voter base

Answer 5

• men in business
• middle class
• anglo-saxon protestants

Question 6

decrease of farming

Answer 6

• 11 million workers left farming for city opportunities
• factories took demand for women’s labor away
• machines replaced manual labor & male farm hands decreased
• farm population (72–>54%)

Question 7

african american push factors out of south

Answer 7

• racial crimes & segregation increased
• civil rights act of 1875 reversed
• plessy v. ferguson
• boil weevil destroyed cotton crops & floods ruined alabama and mississippi farmland

Question 8

booker t. washington

Answer 8

• born a slave and had no illusions ab white society accepting black people as equals
• championed economic independence over immediate equal rights

Question 9

new york

Answer 9

factory, banking, trade

Question 10

philadelphia

Answer 10

steel, mining, fracking

Question 11

chicago

Answer 11

railroads, “meat packaging”

Question 12

federalism in suburbs

Answer 12

taxing property
- some states have no taxes

Question 13

motorized commuting growth

Answer 13

• ny: first elevated train to bypass advanced growth
• san fransisco: cable cars
• virginia: electric trolley for suburbs
• boston: subway trains

automobile introduced & mass produced (1890-1910)

Question 14

elevators

Answer 14

• made possible by safety device

Question 15

format of cities

Answer 15

• banks, financial offices, law firms, & govt offices in 1 raea
• rental shops & department stores in anter
• industrial, wholesale, and warehouses formed rings around center

Question 16

great railway strike

Answer 16

• started in west virginia, moved to pittsburg, etc
• 100k+ workers involved
• militia, state troops, federal troops, local troops all involved

(hayes presidency)

Question 17

pullman strike

Answer 17

• company town (owns company, apartments, stores that workers live in)
• became violent, us attorney general richard filed injunction
• cleveland sent fed. troops
• altgeld (Illinois pro-labor govt.) called state militia to prevent violence & condemned cleveland’s actions

Question 18

national labor union

Answer 18

1866
opposed striking, used collective bargaining and lobbying

• ended quickly but paved way for future unions
• failed b/c it tried to represent too many different groups & failed as third party

Question 19

knights of labor

Answer 19

1869
unifying workers – 700k across several industries
welcomed western european immigrants

• downfall after haymarket strike
• not bread & butter - also did not have focused goals

Question 20

american confer. of labor

Answer 20

1886
led to new deal labor laws

Question 21

new deal labor laws

Answer 21

• 40 cents an hour minimum wage
• 40 hour maximum workweek
• minimum working age of 16 (except in certain industries outside of mining & manufacturing)

Question 22

american railway unions

Answer 22

1893

eugene v debs welcomed all railway workers under foreman rank
among the largest organized unions & first industrial union of the us

• was beaten down by fed. gov
• leader went to jail

Question 23

international workers of the world

Answer 23

1905
consists of women, immigrants, unskilled workers, & non-whites
gained traction from socialist labor parties
opposed american fed. of labor’s acceptance of capitalism

Question 24

umwa

Answer 24

united mine workers of/america
- knights of labor + national progressive miners union

Question 25

tweed steps in for civil war tensions

Answer 25

- well-off could pay others to take place in army - poor were constantly conscripted & rebelled - draft rioters lynched african americans & destroyed property tweed promised to pay 30k volunteers $777 (2 years of avg. salary)

Question 26

tweed's downfall

Answer 26

james o brien turns budget books over to nyt - banks refused to endorse new securities - city credit ratings plummet - politicians turn back on tweed thomas nast is an anti-catholic opp tweed is ousted from tammany & convicted in 1873

Question 27

dawes act

Answer 27

aka general allotment act cleveland - hoped to benefit native americans, emphasizing severalty (treatment of natives as individuals rather than members of tribes) - broke reservation land into small allotments

Question 28

pendleton act

Answer 28

motivated by assassination of prez garfield, 1881 - created system where applicants for classified federal jobs are picked through examination scores - prohibitive civil servants from making political contributions - expanded from 10% of fed employees to almost all politicians adapted to this reform by depending on rich instead of party members

Question 29

specie resumption act

Answer 29

1875 - withdrew all greenbacks from circulation

Question 30

tariffs

Answer 30

made up more than half of federal revenue in 1890s

Question 31

tenement

Answer 31

building shared by multiple ppl - multiple run down ones create a slum

Question 32

fire hazards

Answer 32

great chicago fire of 1871 - 2 billion in property dmg (now)

Question 33

contagious diseases

Answer 33

yellow fever took thousands of lives baby mortality was extremely high

Question 34

heat waves

Answer 34

400+ ny killed 80% of summer deaths were caused by preventable diseases chicago & ny made fresh air havens for sick children

Question 35

nez pearce war

Answer 35

- hostilities between nez pearce indians & settlers across montana and idaho - chief Joseph surrendered, promised safe return but were relocated to oklahoma

Question 36

munn v illinois

Answer 36

can regulate private property if it affects public interest

Question 37

standard oil trust

Answer 37

rockefeller created trust by trading stockholder shares for trust certificates - allowed them to get around state laws prohibiting companies from owning stocks each other

Question 38

coxey's army

Answer 38

- populist coxey led unemployed workers on march to call congress to create public works jobs

Question 39

general electric

Answer 39

edison general electric + thomsom houston electric

Question 40

us steel corporation

Answer 40

carnegie steel comp + fed steel company

Question 41

jp morgan

Answer 41

- stabilized markets during panic - merged companies together