GIGU Imaging Flashcards
what is a KUB good for?
it is used as a screening test for acute abdominal disease
a KUB is good screening, but if you want more information you will need more films. What should you order?
an acute abdominal series
what is an acute abdominal series useful in identifying?
air under the diaphragm, obstruction (air-fluid levels within the bowel), fractures, and nasogastric tube placement
if you have a patient with significant abdominal pain, appears to be bloated/distended, they have diminished bowel sounds/ high pitched bowel sounds, what would you order?
an acute abdominal series
what is ultrasound good for identifying?
size, shape, inflammation, and stones (like in the gallbladder)
what is ultrasound limited by?
bowel gas- like a bowel obstruction because the overlying bowel gas would lead to too much artifact
what would order for a suspected gallstone or gallbladder disease?
RUQ US
what would you order for pancreatitis?
US of the pancreas
what would you order for a suspected appendicitis?
RLQ/appendix US
what would you order for a suspected ovarian mass?
pelvic or transvaginal ultrasound
what would you order for kidney dysfunction, palpable mass, or painless hematuria?
Renal US
if a patient comes in with chronic HTN and elevated creatinine, what might you order?
renal US
what occurs during a HIDA scan?
there is nuclear tagged material injected intravenously, taken up by the hepatocytes and excreted into bile
what is failure of the GB to fill caused by?
edema of the cystic duct (acute cholecystitis), obstruction by a stone (cholelithiasis) or functional gallbladder disorder
when should you avoid a HIDA scan?
during pregnancy
what does the HIDA scan specifically evaluate?
gallbladder function and cystic duct patency
what is the diagnosis when material flows directly into the duodenum rather than the gallbladder?
cholecystitis
what HIDA scan is used to specifically assess gallbladder function?
HIDA with CCK
what is the abnormal finding associated with gallbladder ejection fraction?
anything less than 35-40%
what does a barium swallow assess?
function and anatomy of the esophagus
what is used to identify a zenker’s diverticula?
barium swallow
what does not show up well on a CT abd/pelvis?
mucosal disease, ulcers, and small neoplasms
what is the test of choice for renal lithiasis (aka kidney stones)?
CT abd and pelvis using low-radiation-dose protocols
what test would you order for a pregnant patient with a possible kidney stone?
renal and bladder US with or without KUB
what is used to visualize the bladder?
cystoscopy
what are some indications for an endoscopy?
dysphagia, upper GI bleed, GERD, placing a feeding tube
what are the indications for a colonoscopy?
cancer screening, rectal bleeding, surveillance
what are some indications for a cystoscopy?
painless hematuria, kidney or bladder stones, recurrent UTIs, and urinary obstruction
