Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Nur 336 > GI - Unit 1 PPT (Part 1) > Flashcards

GI - Unit 1 PPT (Part 1) Flashcards

1
Q

Bruit - def

A

Swooshing sound

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

What OTC really predispose the patient to GI Bleeding?

A

Advil

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

How large is the small intestine? Large Intestine?

A 
Small = 20ft
Large = 5ft
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

What are some questions we might like to ask a patient who comes in with GI problems?

A

GI Problem history, meds, normal GI habits, PQRST of pain, labs= electrolytes, vitals, fecal/cbc/ast/alt, cea, CA19, etc.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

What does the parasympathetic nervous system do for the GI System?

A

It increases parastalsis!

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

What does the sympathetic nervous system do for the GI sysmte?

A

It decreases parastalsis!

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

What does the hypothalamus do?

A

It signals hunger when levels are low (like glucose, etc) When stimulated, it empties stomach, lowers body temp, decreased BS, etc. It’s inhibited by stomach distension, increased body temp, etc

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

What’s all part of the abdominal assessment?

A

Inspect - look for size, scars, distension
Light palpation - pain, Nausea, rigidity, etc.
Bowel Sounds - assess 1-2 minutes each quad.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

What’s borborygmi?

A

Hyperactive bowel sounds.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

N/V - What’s part of the physical assessment?

A

Weakness, pallor, perspiration, increased HR & resp.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

N/V - Is there a Fluid & Electrolyte volume deficit?

A

Yes!

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

With N/V, what diet should they follow? Should they have anything by mouth?

A

They should do a bland diet with fluids…….they should be NPO though, if needed.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Anti-emetics - What are some?

A

Promethazine (Phenergan), Ondansetron (Zofran), etc.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

What’s the first choice anti-emetic?

A

Ondansetron (Zofran) - It’s a seritonin receptor antagonist?

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

What do we assess for diarrhea?

A

Assess the stool character,causes, F/E volume deficit, etc.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

What are some meds for diarrhea?

A

Imodium, Lomotil

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

Constipation - when is it common?

A

Common in elderly, after OR, prolonged inactivity, GI diseases, misuse of laxatives, enemas, etc.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

How do we treat constipation?

A

Restore/maintain normal bowel habits, increase fluids, fiber, etc.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

With a lower GI Barium Enema - what can’t the patient have?

A

No anti-cholinergics and narcotics before!

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

With an Upper GI (EGD, Esophagogastroduodenoscopy) what happens? How long are they NPO before?

A

NPO 6-8 hours before. They are sedated and the tube is placed. They are put on their left side.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

With an EGD, what is one big nursing intervention we have to do?

A

Since they will have their throat numbed, we need to make sure they have a gag-reflex and such BEFORE they can eat. They also can’t drive themselves home.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

Squamous Cell Caner - type of cancer of the _____ is related to smoking and excessive alcohol.

A

Esophagus.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

Stomach Ulcer - how does it appear?

A

Clean and benign appearing.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

What are diverticuli?

A

Pockets that project away from the bowel.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Q

With a fecal test, what should we tell patients to do before?

A

Watch how much meat, vitamin C, raw fruit/veggies they eat.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
26
Q

How do we prevent oral infections like stomatitis, thrush, herpes, etc?

A

Avoid trauma, irritating foods, tobacco, alcohol, reduce stress.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
27
Q

What are some meds to treat oral infections?

A

Nystatin, Diflucan and Zovirax (Antiviral)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
28
Q

What is erythroplakia?

A

A pre-cancerous velvety red patch on the tongue.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
29
Q

Thrush - easy to remove from tongue. T/F?

A

FALSE

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
30
Q

Leukoplakia - def

A

white, smoker’s patch - you can scrape it off. Usually it’s benign and can come with oral cancer, AIDS, etc.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
31
Q

What is one of the best ways to prevent squamous cell oral cancer?

A

NO TOBACCO

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
32
Q

With patients who have had oral surgery/tumor removal, etc..should we worry about airway clearance?

A

YES

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
33
Q

What is dysphagia?

A

Difficulty swallowing

34
Q

What could be a cause of dysphagia?

A

Hiatal hernia, CVA, obstruction, tumor, etc.

35
Q

Achalasia - def

A

absence of paristalsis

36
Q

Esophagitis - what could cause it?

A

Sliding hietal hernia, tumors, chemo meds, reflux, gastric ulcers.

37
Q

How do we treat a stricture (the narrowing of the esophagus)?

A

Balloon (pneumatic) dilation of the lower esophagus

38
Q

What are esophageal neoplasms?

A

Tumors in the esophagus. Most are malignant.

39
Q

What are symptoms of esophageal neoplasms? What causes them?

A

Pain, difficulty swallowing, weight loss, hallitosis, hiccuping, etc.
Caused by GERD, etc.

40
Q

How do we diagnose esophageal neoplasms?

A

Endoscopy, CT, MRI

41
Q

How do we treat esophageal neoplasms?

A

Chemo, radiation, Esophagogastrectomy (remove part of the esophagus, stomach)

42
Q

how do we care for a patient who has just been surgically treated for esophageal neoplasms? Do we move the NG?

A

IV, PCA, 02, drains, NG, Tube feedings, etc. DO NOT MOVE THE NG!

43
Q

Adenocarcinoma’s - where are they located in the esophagus?

A

Lower third of the esophagus - caused by GERD.

44
Q

Squamous Cell Esophageal Cancer - where in the esophagus?

A

Upper 2 Thirds, caused by smoking and alcohol.

45
Q

For an esophagogoastrostomy or colon interposition..which is more common? What do we do as nurses?

A

The harder one to say haha.

Monitor weight, among all the other usual shit. haha.

46
Q

What is GERD?

A

Gastroesophageal Reflux Disease

47
Q

How do we diagnose GERD?

A

Endoscopy, BA swallow, esophageal manometry.

48
Q

What causes GERD?

A

Hiatal Hernia (LES becomes weak)

49
Q

How do we prevent GERD?

A

Reduce weight, low fat diet, no smoking, no caffeine, no alcohol

50
Q

What puts you at risk for GERD?

A

Weight, age, sleep apnea, NG for >4 days, etc.

51
Q

What type of diet should someone with GERD be on?

A

Low fat diet, no alcohol/caffeine/peppermint/chocolate/spicy and high acid foods, etc.

52
Q

Should someone with gerd eat right before bed?

A

NO

53
Q

should someone with GERD eat just a few big meals per day?

A

No, they should eat small meals frequently throughout the day and drink lots of water!

54
Q

What happens with a sliding hernia?

A

Part of stomach slides through the opening above the diaphragm.

55
Q

What happens with a rolling hernia?

A

The fundus of stomach herniates through diaphragm alongside the esophagus!

56
Q

What are symptoms of a hiatal hernia?

A

Heartburn, regurgitation, chest pain, dysphagia, belching, occult bleeding, etc.

57
Q

How we do diagnose a Hiatal Hernia?

A

Endoscopy, BA Swallow

58
Q

For a hernia, what are the diet and meds like?

A

Same as for GERD

59
Q

After surgery for a hernia, what should we have the patient do? Should they cough?

A

Turn and deep breathe…DO NOT COUGH

60
Q

What is gastritis?

A

Inflammation of the gastric mucosa

61
Q

What should patients with gastritis avoid?

A

Irritants, contaminated food.

62
Q

How do we diagnose gastritis?

A

Gastroscopy, biopsy, gastric analysis, etc.

63
Q

What should be included in a gastritis diet?

A

NPO and slowly advanced diet.

64
Q

What is PUD?

A

Peptic Ulcer Disease

65
Q

What are symptoms of PUD?

A

Pain (chest), heartburn, N/V.

66
Q

What are some complications of PUD?

A

Hemorrhage, perforation, pyloric obstruction, recurrent symptoms.

67
Q

Peptic ulcers occur __% of the time in the duodenum.

A

80%

68
Q

What usually causes duodenal ulcers?

A

H. pylori

69
Q

What contributes to PUD?

A

Increased acid and pepsin, impaired mucosal barrier, irritants (smoking, asa, caffeine, steroids, alcohol), hereditary factors, COPD, STRESSSSSSSSSS, etc.

70
Q

What are symptoms of stress PUD?

A

Pain, improvement after eating, chest pain, dysphagia, etc.

71
Q

What are some surgical treatment for PUD?

A

Billroth 1&2

72
Q

Billroth 1 (Gastroduodenostomy) - What happens?

A

Remove fundus and pyloric area of stomach.

73
Q

Billroth 2 (Gastrojejeunostomy) - What happens?

A

Top & lower part of stomach removed and duodenum removed. More invasive - can cause dumping syndrome!

74
Q

What are vagotomies and pyloroplasties for PUD?

A

Vag - cut or remove parts of the vagus nerve.

Pyloroplasty - they cut the pyloric sphincter and sew it together the opposite way.

75
Q

How do we treat h. pylori infections?

A

Bismuth OR prilosec, flagyl, amoxicillin or tetracycline.

76
Q

What is dumping syndrome?

A

It’s a vasomotor thing - symptoms occur after eating. Caused by rapid emptying of gastric contents into small intestine. Can occur well after surgery. It causes a fluid shift in the gut. This leads to abdominal distension, N/V 30-90 minutes after eating.

77
Q

How do we manage dumping syndrome?

A

Low carb, high fat diet. Decrease fluids. Eat smaller meals and have veggies, no milk, sweets, etc.

78
Q

What are some gastric OR post-op meds?

A

Morphine, antibiotics like flagyl, histamine H2 Blockers, gastric acid pump inhibitior, autonomic NS stimulants, antiemetics, opioid receptor anatgonist, etc.

79
Q

What is an adenocarcinoma?

A

Tumors in the gastric system…..can be removed (which they need to be!)

80
Q

What is the size of stomach for someone who has had a gastric bypass surgery?

A

30CC!!!!!

81
Q

What are some of the issues with gastric bypass patients?

A

They have to stick to small meals and begin clear liquids 24 hours after surgery. Compliance and teaching are huge here!

82
Q

What are huge gastric surgery complications - like the number 1!!!

A

Respiratory problems!

Nur 336 (26 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions