Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Nur 336 > Cardiac - Unit 2 - EKG Interpretation > Flashcards

Cardiac - Unit 2 - EKG Interpretation Flashcards

1
Q

What conditions might predispose someone to have dysrhythmia’s?

A

Respiratory problems, recent MI, etc.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

What are the main areas of impulse for the heart?

A

SA Node, AV Node, Bundle of HIS

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

What is the main pacemaker of the heart?

A

The SA Node

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Where is the SA Node located? What’s some info about it?

A

Right atrium near the superior vena cava - it is the pacemaker of the heart. It beats about 60-100 BPM and is innervated by the autonomic nervous system.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

The SA Node causes atrial ____.

A

Depolarization.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

If the SA Node fails, then the __ node picks up the pace.

A

AV Node.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Where is the AV node located? Basic info about it?

A

Located in the back of right atrium near the septal leaflet of the tricuspid valve. It beats at about 40-60 BPM.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

What does the AV node do for impulses?

A

It delays them for a brief moment - allows for atrial contraction to precede ventricular contraction.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Transplanted hearts have a SA node - T/F?

A

FALSE - they do not. So it’s all chemical for them.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

If a patient has a transplanted heart, will atropine work for them?

A

NO!

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Where is the bundle of HIS? What does it do (___ depolarization).

A

It runs down the right side of the interventricular septum - it causes ventricular depolarization.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Where are electrodes placed on the heart? Think of a little pneumonic…

A

Clouds over grass (Right side, white over green).

Smoke over fire (Black over Red, Left Side)

Shit in the middle (brown).

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

What does the P wave indicate?

A

The atria are contracting and pumping blood into the ventricles.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

What does the QRS complex show?

A

Ventricular Depolarization and contraction.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

What does the PR interval show?

A

The transit time for the electrical signal to travel from the sinus node to the ventricles.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

What does the T wave show?

A

Ventricular Repolarization

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

ECG - One small square = __ seconds.
One big square = __ seconds.
5 Big square = __ sec
15 big squares = __ sec.

A

ECG - One small square = .04 seconds.
One big square = .2 seconds.
5 Big square = 1 sec
15 big squares = 3 sec.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

Electrodes - if the electricity flows TOWARD the positive electrode, the patterns will always be ____.

A

Upright.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

If the electricity flows toward the negative electrode, the patterns will be ___.

A

Inverted.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

What does a flipped T wave mean?

A

Possible MI.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

What are the six steps to EKG interpretation?

A
  1. Regularity
  2. Calculate the HR
  3. The P Wave
  4. The PR interval
  5. The QRS
  6. The ST Segment
    (What is the rhythm?)
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

What are ectopic beats? What’s the name for early and late beats?

A

Ectopic are extra beats.

Early = premature.
Late = escape.
23
Q

Calculate HR by strip - what’s the 10 times method?

A

Count the number of r waves in a 6 second strip and multiply by 10.

24
Q

Calculate HR - what’s the big block method?

A

Divided the number of big boxes between two consecutive R waves into 300.

OR - divide the number of small boxes between two consecutive R waves into 1500.

25
Q

Calculate HR - what’s the Memory Method?

A

Memorize 300,150,100,75,60,50,43

26
Q

How long should the PR interval be?

A

0.12-.20 seconds.

27
Q

What’s the normal time of the QRS?

A

0.04-0.10 seconds (one small box to 2.5 small boxes)

28
Q

ST Segment - what type of line is it?

A

Isoelectric

29
Q

What is NSR?

A

Normal Sinus Rhythm, typically 60-100 BPM.

30
Q

What is Sinus Tachycardia?

A

It’s NSR that is high.

31
Q

Is perfusion decreased with Sinus Tach?

A

Yea

32
Q

How do we treat Sinus Tach?

A

Tread underlying causes, cardioversion, vagal maneuvers like a carotid massage

33
Q

What is Sinus Brady?

A

NSR that is slow -

34
Q

Should we watch for clots in sinus brady?

A

Yes - the atria’s aren’t really working that fast so clots can form.

35
Q

How do we treat sinus brady?

A

TREAT ONLY IF SYMPTOMATIC.

If symptomatic, treat the cause, oxygen, atropine, pacemaker, etc.

36
Q

What is atrial fibrillation?

A

Multiple rapid impulses from many foci depolarize in the atrial in a disorganized manner. The atria aren’t contracting. It’s all happening SUPER fast but the AV stops some of the fast beats.

37
Q

What is some treatment for A-Fib?

A

O2, Anticoagulants, Cardioversion for new onset, medications to control the ventricular rate like digoxin, calcium channel bockers, beta blockers, etc.

38
Q

What’s Atrial Flutter?

A

More than one P-Wave - A rate of about 200-350 BPM - looks like a saw tooth.

39
Q

How do we treat A-Flutter?

A

Cardioversion for unstable patients, O2, anticoagulants, medications to slow ventricular response.

40
Q

What’s the drug of choice for symptomatic bradycardia?

A

Atropine

41
Q

What are PVC’s?

A

Early ventricular complexes resulting from increased irritability of the ventricles.

42
Q 
(PVC Types)
Uni-focal - 
Multi-focal - 
Bigeminy - 
Trigeminy - 
Couplet - 
Three or more =
A 
(PVC Types)
Uni-focal - one foci
Multi-focal - many foci
Bigeminy - every other
Trigeminy - every third
Couplet - two in a row
Three or more = V TACH
43
Q

What are the treatments for PVC’s?

A

Notify DR if there are 6-10 pvc’s in a minute, client has pain, increased PVC frequency, multifocal or in runs..also give O2, treat the cause (hypokalemia?), amiodorone, pronestyl, lidocaine, etc.

44
Q

Which are worse - multi-focal or unifocal PVC’s?

A

Multi-Focal

45
Q

What is V. Tach?

A

rapid beats that originate in the ventricles.

46
Q

How do we treat stable V. Tach with a pulse?

A

O2, Amiodarone, Procainamide, Lidocaine, Correct electrolyte disturbances.

47
Q

How do we treat unstable V. Tach without a pulse?

A

Cardioversion/O2

48
Q

How do we treat V. Tach that has no pulse?

A

Treated like V FIb (Defibrillate!!!)

49
Q

What is V Fib?

A

Impulses from many irritable foci firing in a totally disorganized manner. The ventricles are fibrillating.

50
Q

How do we treat V Fib?

A

You get those paddles…

CPR, Epi/Vasopressin, O2, Anti-dysrhythmic Drugs.

THIS IS SERIOUS. IT IS A CODE.

51
Q

What is asystole?

A

No electrical activity - again, THIS IS A CODE.

52
Q

How do we treat asystole?

A

CPR, Check in two leads, epi/atropine, pacemaker, consider the possible causes.

53
Q

What is PEA?

A

Pulse-less electrical activity. They have a rhythm but no pulse.

54
Q

How do we treat PEA?

A

CPR/EPI - 6 H’s (hypovolemia, hypoxia, hypothermia, hyperkalemia, hypoglycemia, hydrogen ion acidosis), 5 T’s (toxins, tamponade, tension pneumothorax, thrombosis, trauma) (known causes)

Nur 336 (26 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions