GI tract

Question 1

What are bowel habit symptoms?

Answer 1

painful bowel motions
blood/mucous in stool
tenesmus

nausea
vomit
heartburn
epigastric pain
loss of appetite
unintentional weight loss
malabsorption
abdominal pain

Question 2

what is belching?

Answer 2

burping

Question 3

3 factors for GORD?

Answer 3

1) lifestyle
2) mechanical
3) drugs

Question 4

how do you management GORD?

Answer 4

Gaviscon (bicarbonate) neutralises the stomach
Lose weight, less alcohol, less fat
Surgery (in extreme cases)

Question 5

how do you manage peptic ulcers?

Answer 5

PPI’s - proton pump inhibitor
lansoprazole / omeprazole

Question 6

what can cause a peptic ulcer?

Answer 6

H pylori
Stress
NSAIDs
SSRIs (antidepressants)

Question 7

what are the symptoms of peptic ulcers

Answer 7

burning in upper abdomen
bloating
heartburn
nausea
vomiting
unexplained weight loss / dark stools is severe

Question 8

what are the different diseases in IBD

Answer 8

crohns disease
coeliac disease
ulcerative colitis

Question 9

what are the extra intenstinal effects of IBD

Answer 9

malaise
fever
arthritis
skin/eye lesions

Question 10

which is more common UC or chrons disease?

Answer 10

ulcerative colitis

Question 11

how do you diagnose IBD

Answer 11

endoscopy
biopsy
CT scan

Question 12

what is coeliac disease

Answer 12

autoimmune disease reaction to gluten

Question 13

what are the symptoms of IBS?

Answer 13

pain after eating
abdominal pain
urgency or straining
lethargic/fatigue
relieved by bowel movement

Question 14

blood in bowel motions
1. stomach/upper GI - digested/partially digested
2. colon
3. sigmoid/rectum
4. rectum/anus

Answer 14

1. melena blood turns black
2. mixed in with stool
3. blood coating the stool
4. blood on toilet paper

Question 15

where might pain for appendiciits be?

Answer 15

may be central and progresses to lower right quadrant

Question 16

with viral infection what do you not get?

Answer 16

abdominal pain

Question 17

what are the risk factors for colorectal cancer?

Answer 17

1. history of colorectal polyps
2. diet heavy dairy/red meat
3. smoking/alcohol

Question 18

what are the symptoms of colorectal cancer

Answer 18

initially no pain
but can become abdominal pain, diarrhoea, constipation, anaemia

Question 19

how do you stage cancer?

Answer 19

TNM
tumor
node
metastasis

Question 20

what is the tx of colorectal cancer

Answer 20

surgery
chemo
radiotherapy

Question 21

what are the red flag symptoms?

Answer 21

change in bowel habit
abdominal pain lasting more than 2 weeks
anaemia
blood or mucous in poo
weight loss

Question 22

what do you do if you suspect red flag?

Answer 22

2ww referral

Question 23

What is peptic ulcer disease?

Answer 23

Inflammation or ulceration of stomach or duodenum

Question 24

what is an ulcer?

Answer 24

pathololgical break in epithelial lining

Question 25

What are conditions of the upper gut (stomach and duodenum)

Answer 25

GORD and PUD

Question 26

what are conditions of the lower gut (small intestive, large intestine, rectum)

Answer 26

IBD

Question 27

what are problems with haemorrhoids?

Answer 27

bleeding, pain, itching, ulceration

Question 28

how do you manage haemorrhoids?

Answer 28

cream, hygiene, high fibre diet, fluid intake

Question 29

what are the symptoms of bacterial gastroenteritis

Answer 29

abdominal cramps, vomiting, diarrhoea, fever