Endocrine

Question 1

What does the hypothalamus receive

Answer 1

Signals from the brain AND other parts of the body

Question 2

What glands does the pituitary gland act on

Answer 2

Thyroid adrenal testes ovaries

Question 3

What are thyroid hormones important for? (T3 AND T4)

Answer 3

Regulating metabolic activity (increases it) - higher blood pressure, gut works faster

Question 4

What conditions can affect the thyroid and why

Answer 4

Swelling
Goitre
Moves when you swallow
If you dont have enough iodine (sweetcorn eggs fish salt)

Question 5

WHAT is hypothyroidism

Answer 5

Thyroid is failing to form thyroid hormones - can be from iodine deficiency, drugs interfering with iodine metabolism, autoimmune destruction of thyroid
- comes with diabetes or addisons
- thyroidectomy

Question 6

What are the signs or symptoms of hypothyroidism

Answer 6

SLOW
Gain weight
Loss of appetite
Loss of energy
Low heart rare
Low BP
Cold intolerance
Hair and nail changes
Slowing of thought
Depression

Question 7

What is hyperthyroidism signs and symptoms

Answer 7

FAST
Tachycardia
Heart murmur
Atrial fibrillation
Palpitations
Weight loss - burning more calories
Heat tolerance
Tremor
Anxiety
Mania

Question 8

What are the causes of hyperthyroidism

Answer 8

Autoimmune stimulation
Graves’ disease
Thyroid tumour (cancer in thyroid)

Question 9

How do you manage thyroid disease?

Answer 9

Clinical examination
Blood tests
T3 T4 TSH
Imaging
Ultrasound
CT/MRI
Hypothyroidism : thyroid replacement therapy
Hyperthyroidism : surgery, radio iodine

Question 10

What hormones do adrenal glands produce?

Answer 10

Glucocorticoids, mineralocorticoids, adrenaline’s, androgen

Question 11

What is Cushing syndrome?

Answer 11

Excess cortisol

Question 12

What’s of Cushing disease

Answer 12

Because of trumour in pituarty gland

Question 13

Causes of Cushing syndrome

Answer 13

Too much steps to take
Cushing disease
Other tumors secreting ACTH

Question 14

What’s the opposite of Cushing disease

Answer 14

Primary Adrenal insufficiency - malaise, low cortisol levels, weight loss, nausea vomiting muscle pain and joint pain
Caused by autoimmune destruction of adrenal gland rare
Secondary adrenal atrophy- if give someone steroid perscri[potion body will see it as its own so hypo will stop producing hormone to stimulate the hormone so less cortisol

Question 15

What’s. Cortisol for?

Answer 15

BP… glucose Hr

Question 16

What is Addisonian crisis?

Answer 16

acute adrenal insufficiency , Where body stops producing the cortisol due to get used to some from outside.
Acute is when the patients dont feel well so they stop taking the steroid meds

Question 17

Why do we take care of pts with Addison’s disease

Answer 17

Pts need to be treated for addisons because if they have an adrenal crisis will affect response to stress, salt and water balance, and the maintenance of blood pressure

Question 18

What med can cause secondary adrenal suppression

Answer 18

Prednisalone 5mg for4 days
40mg for 7 days repeated
Inhaled seeds
Inhaled, oral, cream, injections and nasal

Question 19

How do you manage. Addisonial crisis?

Answer 19

If having treatment may give them extra dose

Question 20

What’s thrombocytopeania

Answer 20

Not enough platelets in the blood