GI System Flashcards
Which hormone will inhibit gastric secretions and motility?
a.Cholecystokinin.
b.Histamine.
c.Serotonin.
d.Gastrin.
a.Cholecystokinin.
Digestive enzymes are produced by which salivary cells?
a.Myoepithelial and serous cells.
b.Ductal and serous cells.
c.Myoepithelial cells
d.Serous cells.
e.Ductal cells.
f.Mucous and serous cells.
d.Serous cells.
What option is TRUE of salvia?
a.It is a hypertonic solution.
b.Secreted from two salivary glands.
c.Has proteases within it to start chemical digestion.
d.Parasympathetic nervous system is the predominant stimulation for its secretion.
d.Parasympathetic nervous system is the predominant stimulation for its secretion.
All options are true regarding the function of the stomach, except?
a.Absorption of proteins.
b.Food storage.
c.Chemical digestion.
d.Mechanical digestion.
a.Absorption of proteins.
Loss of mucous cell function can lead to damage of the epithelial layer of the stomach’s mucosa.
True
What hormone will stimulate gastric function?
a.Somatostatin.
b.Gastrin.
c.Cholecystokinin.
d.Secretin.
b.Gastrin.
All the options are true regarding gastric regulation, except?
a.The gastric phase leads to the majority of HCl secretion.
b.The enterogastric reflex stimulates the release of secretin and cholecystokinin.
c.The cephalic phase will stimulate HCl production via the CN IV Trigeminal Nerve.
d.The intestinal phase ultimately decreases gastric function.
c.The cephalic phase will stimulate HCl production via the CN IV Trigeminal Nerve.
Function of the bicarbonate - hydrogen ion ATPase pump is vital for proper production of HCl.
False
What cell of the stomach mucosa produces intrinsic factor?
a.Chief cells.
b.Mucous cells.
c.Neuroendocrine cells
d.Parietal cells.
d.Parietal cells.
All of the options are true regarding the mucosa layer of the GI tract, except?
a.The lamina propria allows for the majority of absorption.
b.Goblet cells are interspersed among the epithelial cells.
c.The enteroendocrine cells secrete various hormones that influence GI regulation.
d.Contains three layers.
a.The lamina propria allows for the majority of absorption.
What statement is FALSE regarding bile?
a.Mostly composed of water.
b.All of the options are true.
c.Bilirubin is reabsorbed and re-used by the liver.
d.Bile salts are reabsorbed and re-used by the liver.
c.Bilirubin is reabsorbed and re-used by the liver.
Why is the absorption of nutrients in the small intestine dependent upon cholecystokinin?
a.It stimulates the parietal cells allowing for mechanical digestion to occur.
b.It stimulates the motility and peristalsis within the small intestine.
c.It stimulates pancreas and gallbladder function.
d.None of the options are accurate.
c.It stimulates pancreas and gallbladder function.
What statement is TRUE regarding the small intestine?
a.The intestinal crypts assist with lipid absorption.
b.All of the options are false.
c.The brush border of the lamina propria has digestive enzymes.
d.For glucose to be absorbed into the enterocytes, it requires calcium.
b.All of the options are false.
All of the options are true regarding the small intestine, except?
a.Micelles are absorbed by enterocytes.
b.Water soluble vitamins are dependent upon bile salts for absorption.
c.Micelle formation is dependent upon bile.
d.Fat soluble vitamins are packaged into chylomicrons for absorption.
b.Water soluble vitamins are dependent upon bile salts for absorption.
SLGT1 cotransporter requires energy for glucose to be absorbed into the enterocyte’s apical side.
False
All of the options are needed for the absorption of lipids, except?
a.Gallbladder function.
b.Pancreatic function.
c.Gastrin function.
d.All of the options are needed of lipid absorption.
e.Lymphatic system function.
c.Gastrin function.
What option is TRUE regarding the small intestine?
a.Calcium absorption requires lipids for proper absorption.
b.Cholecystokinin released by the gallbladder will stimulate the pancreas to secrete digestive enzymes.
c.Digestive enzymes are released from the pancreas and are found on the brush border of the enterocytes.
d.Gastrin stimulates small intestine motility.
c.Digestive enzymes are released from the pancreas and are found on the brush border of the enterocytes.
This type of cell assists with the protection against pathogens in the small intestine?
a.Enteroendocrine cells.
b.Paneth cells.
c.Enterocytes.
d.Goblet cells.
b.Paneth cells.
If there was damage to the lamina proper of the small intestine, what option would be accurate?
a.Absorption of chylomicrons would be impaired.
b.Small intestine motility would be impaired.
c.Absorption of carbohydrates would be impaired.
d.None of the answers are accurate.
a.Absorption of chylomicrons would be impaired.
All of the options are needed for the absorption of carbohydrates, except?
a.All of the options are necessary for carbohydrate absorption.
b.Sodium-potassium ATPase pump within the enterocyte
c.Gallbladder function.
d.Pancreatic function.
c.Gallbladder function.
Layers of the GI Tract
-Serosa
-Muscularis Externa
-Submucosa
-Mucosa
Serosa Layer (Content/Function)
-Connective Tissue
-Holds the GI tract in place
Muscularis Externa (Content/Function)
-2 layers of muscle
-digestion (mechanical/chemical) and motility of food
Submucosa (Content/Function)
-Nerves, Blood Vessels, Lymphatic
-Has submucosal glands that release digestive secretions
Mucosa (3 Layers)
-Epithelial
-Lamina Propria
-Muscularis Mucosa
Contents/Functions of Lamina Propria
-Goblet Cells: Mucus
-Enteroendocrine: Hormones
-MALT: Immunity
What is saliva composed of?
IgA, H2O, Electrolytes, mucus (majority), lysosome, digestive enzymes (amylase, lipase)
Functions of saliva
-Forms bolus
-Cleaning/hydrates mouth
-Inhibits bacterial growth
-Digestions of starch and lipids
Types of gastric epithelial mucosal cells & what they secrete
-Goblet Cells: Mucus
-Enteroendocrine: Hormones
-Parietal Cells: HCL and intrinsic factor
-Chief Cells: Pepsinogen
-Stem Cells: Regenerate cells
Influence of different neuroendocrine cells on gastric function
-Serotonin: + (Enterochromaffin Cells)
-Gastrin: + (G Cells)
-Somatostain: - (Delta Cells)
-Histamine: + (Enterochromaffin-Like Cells)
Phases of Gastric Regulation
-Cephalic
-Gastric
-Intestinal
The Cephalic phase of gastric regulation controls _______% of all HCl secretion
30-40
What stimuli affect the Cephalic phase of gastric regulation?
Smelling, tasting, chewing, swallowing, thought of food
Cephalic: Mechanisms of HCl secretion
-Vagus Nerve Stimulation @ Enteric NS (secretes HCl)
-Vagus nerve stimulation of G-Cells->Gastrin->Parietal cells->HCl