Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Practice Topics Exam 5 > GI Physiology 2 > Flashcards

GI Physiology 2 Flashcards

1
Q

Types of saliva

A

Serous

Mucus

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Types of saliva - Serous

A

Watery product that contains salivary enzymes such as alpha amylase

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Types of saliva - Mucus

A

Product that contains water, electrolytes, phospholipids, and mucin

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Types of saliva - Mucus contains mucin which

A

Is a highly glycosylated protein with multiple functions

It can coat and protect the oral mucosa and esophagus

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Secretion of water and enzymes - Salivary secretion is primarily regulated by

A

Neuronal input

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Secretion of water and enzymes - Key stimulus for salivary secretion of acinar cells is what

A

Ach

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Secretion of water and enzymes - Ach promotes

A

the secretion of both enzymes and fluid/electrolytes by regulating secretory vesicles and chloride ion channels

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Secretion of water and enzymes - The fluid secreted into the lumen of the acinar cell is

A

isotonic - so the concentration is the same in the lumen as it is in the plasma
The tonicity will change as the fluid moves through the duct though

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Change in tonicity and fluid retention - As salivary fluid moves through the duct..

A

the tonicity of the fluid will change

In general, the salivary glands will secrete a hypotonic solution

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Change in tonicity and fluid retention - the change in tonicity is accomplished by

A

the reabsorption of NaCl and secretion of KHCO3

So a solution low in NaCl and rich in KHCO3 is secreted

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Change in tonicity and fluid retention - Water

A

is retained and not absorbed in the lumen of the duct because the ductal cells express tight junction proteins that decrease the permeability of water

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Secretory products of the salivary glands - Key salivary secretions

A 
Alpha amylase
Immunoglobulin A
Lysozyme
Lactoferrin
Mucin
H20, Na, K, Cl
HCO3
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Secretory products of the salivary glands - Key salivary secretions - Alpha amylase function

A

Starch digestion

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Secretory products of the salivary glands - Key salivary secretions - IgA, Lysozyme, Lactoferrin function

A

Maintain oral hygiene via antimicrobial properties

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Secretory products of the salivary glands - Key salivary secretions - Mucin

A

Lubrication and protection of oral mucosa

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Secretory products of the salivary glands - Key salivary secretions - H20, Na, Cl, K

A

Lubrication for mastication and swallowing
Taste/smell
Speech

17
Q

Secretory products of the salivary glands - Key salivary secretions - HCO3

A

Neutralize gastric acid reflux

18
Q

Swallowing - beginning and end of GI you have ___ ____

A

voluntary control

19
Q

Swallowing - mm in upper 1/3 vs. lower 2/3

A

Upper 1/3 is striated muscle
Lower 2/3 is smooth muscle
Both somatic and autonomic regulation of mm in the esophagus

20
Q

Swallowing - primary and secondary peristalsis - Primary

A

Initiated with swallowing and will move the contents from the oral cavity all the way to the stomach
Vagus mediates it
Stimulus sensed by mechanoreceptors
Ach induces contraction and NO allows for distal relaxation

21
Q

Swallowing - primary and secondary peristalsis - Secondary

A

When primary is not enough you will stimulate this at the site of distention (within the esophagus) and will keep happening until the boluis is moved from that region and to the stomach
ENS mediates this!
Stimulus sensed by mecho or chemo and ENS coordinates release of Ach and NO to get contraction upstream of the bolus (Ach) and relaxation downstream of the bolus (NO)

22
Q

Pathophysiology of GERD - characterized by…..

A

Characterized by the reflux of the gastric contents into the esophagus
Can lead to inflammation of the mucosal surface of the esophagus

23
Q

Pathophys of GERD - what can cause GERD

A

Delayed gastric emptying
Inc frequency of transient LES relaxations
Inc acidity
Loss of secondary peristalsis following transient LES relaxations
Dec LES tone

24
Q

Pathophys of GERD - what can cause GERD - Delayed gastric emptying

A

The longer contents sit in the stomach, the more liklihood that they are able to move the other way - so when the sphincter relaxes, they can move up into the esophagus

25
Q

Pathophys of GERD - what can cause GERD - inc freq of transient LES relaxations

A

we all have some level of this but people differ in the how freq it relaxes and the more it relaxes, the more susceptible you are to reflux disease

26
Q

Pathophys of GERD - what can happen if GERD is not treated

A

Scarring and then further damage to LES - recurrent injury

Can lead to stricture, dysphagia, obstruction, perforation, internal bleeding, and eventually pre cancerous

27
Q

Spontaneous relaxation of the LES as a cause for GERD

A

pH of LES drops suggesting that acid is coming up into the esophagus and causing damage

28
Q

Barrett’s esophagus is what

A

Characterized by the replacement of squamous epithelial cells with columnar epithelial cells giving the surface a dark red appearance

So you have a group of cells where they are not supposed to be and they are not under their appropriate regulation

Associated with an ins risk in the development of esophageal CA

29
Q

Possible tx for GERD (pharm)

A

Proton pump inhibitor - will block acid secretions

Ex - prilosec

Practice Topics Exam 5 (13 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions